Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 December 2023
La costa del Pacífico de los Andes meridionales tiene una larga historia ocupacional que muestra una diversificación regional hacia el Holoceno medio y tardío. La costa del centro norte de Chile tuvo una importante ocupación cazadora-recolectora entre 6000 y 2000 cal aP, que difiere de las observadas en áreas vecinas por sus características ambientales e históricas. Los estudios de contextos funerarios revelan que estos grupos experimentaron una expansión demográfica y vivieron conflictos sociales durante este período. Sin embargo, el énfasis en la importancia de los contextos funerarios entre 6000 y 2000 cal aP ha limitado nuestro conocimiento de las estrategias medioambientales de estos grupos y el uso de los recursos costeros. Esta investigación examina evidencias recuperadas de contextos residenciales y funerarios del sitio Punta Teatinos (Bahía de Coquimbo, costa centro norte de Chile, 29°S) para evaluar las estrategias de uso ambiental aplicadas. El estudio de estas evidencias —incluyendo estratigrafía, fechados radiocarbónicos, material lítico, malacológico y zooarqueológico; microfósiles, cálculos dentales, isótopos estables y arte rupestre— indican una explotación de recursos costeros, a los que se sumaron otros de origen terrestre. Aunque no se identificaron cambios temporales en la explotación de los recursos costeros, las pruebas también indican cambios en la constitución de los paisajes históricos y de las redes sociales extrarregionales.
The Pacific coast of the Southern Andes has a long occupational history that shows regional diversification by the Middle and Late Holocene. The coast of north-central Chile had a significant hunter-gatherer occupation between cal 6000 and 2000 BP, which differs from those observed in neighboring areas because of their environmental and historic characteristics. Studies of funerary contexts reveal that these groups underwent a demographic expansion and experienced social conflict during this period. But an emphasis on the significance of funerary contexts in the period cal 6000-2000 BP has limited our knowledge of these groups’ environmental strategies and use of coastal resources. This research examines evidence recovered from residential and funerary contexts from the Punta Teatinos site (Coquimbo Bay, north central coast of Chile, 29°S) to assess the strategies of environmental use. The study of this evidence—including stratigraphy; radiocarbon dating; lithic, malacological, and zooarchaeological material; microfossils; dental calculi, stable isotopes; and rock art—indicates an exploitation of coastal resources, to which others of terrestrial origin were added. Although no temporal changes in the exploitation of coastal resources were identified, the evidence also indicates changes in the constitution of historical landscapes and extra-regional social networks.
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