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Subject/Object Processing Asymmetries in Korean Relative Clauses: Evidence from ERP Data

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2026

Nayoung Kwon ,
Robert Kluender ,
Marta Kutas  and
Maria Polinsky
Nayoung Kwon*
Affiliation:
Konkuk University
Robert Kluender*
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego
Marta Kutas*
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego
Maria Polinsky*
Affiliation:
Harvard University
*
Kwon Department of English, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Konkuk University, Neungdong-ro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Korea, 143-701 [nayoungkwon@konkuk.ac.kr]
Kluender Department of Linguistics, UCSD [kluender@ling.ucsd.edu]
Kutas Department of Cognitive Science, UCSD [mkutas@ucsd.edu]
Polinsky Department of Linguistics, Harvard University [polinsky@fas.harvard.edu]
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Subject relative (SR) clauses have a reliable processing advantage in VO languages like English in which relative clauses (RCs) follow the head noun. The question is whether this is also routinely true in OV languages like Japanese and Korean, in which RCs precede the head noun. We conducted an event-related brain potential (ERP) study of Korean RCs to test whether the SR advantage manifests in brain responses, and to tease apart the typological factors that might contribute to these responses. Our results suggest that brain responses to RCs are remarkably similar in VO and OV languages. Our results also suggest that the marking of the right edge of the RC in Chinese (Yang et al. 2010) and Korean and the absence of such marking in Japanese (Ueno & Garnsey 2008) affect the response to the following head noun. The consistent SR advantage found in ERP studies lends further support to a universal subject preference in the processing of relative clauses.

Keywords

Koreanrelative clausesERPsubject/object processing asymmetrylinguistic typology

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Type
Research Article
Information
Language , Volume 89 , Issue 3 , September 2013 , pp. 537 - 585
Copyright
Copyright © 2013 Linguistic Society of America

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Footnotes

*

This research was supported by a research grant from the Department of Linguistics at the University of California, San Diego, and NRF2013-A003-0011 to Nayoung Kwon and by NICHD22614 to Marta Kutas. We thank Soonja Choi, Victor Ferreira, Susan Garnsey, Grant Goodall, John Hale, Edson Miyamoto, Roger Levy, William O’Grady, Mieko Ueno, and Shravan Vasishth for helpful discussion and comments. We also thank anonymous referees for their constructive comments and suggestions.

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