Hostname: page-component-669899f699-tzmfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-26T21:41:19.880Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of shade cocoa plantation on artificial fruit consumption by birds in two contrasting landscapes in Southern Bahia, Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 June 2013

Jamille de Assis Bomfim ,
Roberta Mariano Silva ,
Virgínia de Fernandes Souza ,
Edyla Ribeiro de Andrade  and
Eliana Cazetta
Jamille de Assis Bomfim*
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz., Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil, CEP 45662-900
Roberta Mariano Silva
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz., Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil, CEP 45662-900
Virgínia de Fernandes Souza
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz., Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil, CEP 45662-900
Edyla Ribeiro de Andrade
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz., Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil, CEP 45662-900
Eliana Cazetta
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz., Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil, CEP 45662-900 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Ilhéus-Itabuna, km 16, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil, CEP 45662-900
*
1Corresponding author. Email: assis.jamille@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

To investigate the influence of forests and agroforestry systems on fruit consumption by birds, we studied two landscapes, one covered predominantly with forests and the other dominated by traditional shade cocoa plantations. In each landscape, we sampled three forest fragments and three shade cocoa plantations. We placed 15 artificial fruits in 25, 1–2-m-tall shrubs spaced every 50 m and evaluated the detection and consumption of fruits after 72 h. We used hemispherical photographs positioned above each fruit station to evaluate canopy openness. We found a statistically significant difference in fruit consumption between landscapes, which means that more fruits were detected and consumed in the forest-dominated landscape. However, forests and shade cocoa plantations within each landscape exhibited similar fruit consumption. Canopy openness was similar between the landscapes, however, the cocoa plantations exhibited greater canopy openness than forests. The results of this study reinforce the importance of the presence of forests in the agricultural landscape. Thus, to evaluate the capacity of agroforest to protect species and maintain ecological interactions it is also necessary to consider the landscape context.

Keywords

agroforestry systemanthropogenic disturbanceavifaunaforest coverfrugivory
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Tropical Ecology , Volume 29 , Issue 4 , July 2013 , pp. 313 - 319
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

LITERATURE CITED

ALMEIDA-NETO, M., CAMPASSI, F., GALETTI, M., JORDANO, P. & OLIVEIRA-FILHO, A. 2008. Vertebrate dispersal syndromes along the Atlantic forest: broad-scale patterns and macroecological correlates. Global Ecology and Biogeography 17:503–513.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ALVES, M. C. 1990. The role of cacao plantations in the conservation of the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Florida, Gainseville, Florida.Google Scholar
ALVES COSTA, C. P. & LOPES, A. V. 2001. Using artificial fruits to evaluate fruit selection by birds in the field. Biotropica 33:713–717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ARAUJO, M., ALGER, K., ROCHA, R. & MESQUITA, C. A. B. 1998. Mata Atlântica do sul da Bahia: situação atual, ações e perspectivas. Caderno 8:1–36.Google Scholar
BHAGWAT, S. A., WILLIS, K. J., BIRKS, H. J. B. & WHITTAKER, R. J. 2008. Agroforestry: a refuge for tropical biodiversity? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 23:261–267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BLEHER, B. & BÖHNING-GAESE, K. 2001. Consequences of frugivore diversity for seed dispersal, seedling establishment and the spatial pattern of seedlings and trees. Oecologia 129:385–394.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BREITBACH, N., LAUBE, I., STEFFAN-DEWENTER, I. & BÖHNING-GAESE, K. 2010. Bird diversity and seed dispersal along a human land-use gradient: high seed removal in structurally simple farmland. Oecologia 162:965–976.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
BREITBACH, N., BÖHNING-GAESE, K., LAUBE, I. & SCHLEUNING, M. 2012. Short seed-dispersal distances and low seedling recruitment in farmland populations of bird-dispersed cherry trees. Journal of Ecology 100:1349–1358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CAZETTA, E., SCHAEFER, H. M. & GALETTI, M. 2009. Why are fruits colorful? The relative importance of achromatic and chromatic contrasts for detection by birds. Evolutionary Ecology 23:233–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
COIMBRA-FILHO, A. F., DIETZ, L. A., MALLINSON, J. J. C. & SANTOS, I. B. 1993. Land purchase for the Una Biological Reserve, refuge of the Golden-headed Lion Tamarin. Neotropical Primates 1:7–9.Google Scholar
CORDEIRO, N. J. & HOWE, H. F. 2003. Forest fragmentation severs mutualism between seed dispersers and an endemic African tree. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100:14052–14056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CUNNINGHAM, M. A. & JOHNSON, D. H. 2011. Seeking parsimony in landscape metrics. Journal of Wildlife Management 75:692–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ENDLER, J. A. 1993. The color of light in forests and its implications. Ecological Monographs 63:2–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ESTRADA, A., COATES-ESTRADA, R. & MERITT, D. A. 1997. Anthropogenic landscape changes and avian diversity at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation 6:19–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAHRIG, L. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:487–515.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAHRIG, L. & MERRIAM, G. 1994. Conservation of fragmented populations. Conservation Biology 8:50–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FARIA, D., LAPS, R. R., BAUMGARTEN, J. & CETRA, M. 2006. Bat and bird assemblages from forests and shade cacao plantations in two contrasting landscapes in the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation 15:587–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FARIA, D., PACIENCIA, M. L. B., DIXO, M., LAPS, R. R. & BAUMGARTEN, J. 2007. Ferns, frogs, lizards, birds and bats in forest fragments and shade cacao plantations in two contrasting landscapes in the Atlantic forest, Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation 16:2335–2357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FRAZER, G. W., CANHAM, C. D. & LERTZMAN, K. P. 1999. Gap Light Analyzer (GLA): Imaging software to extract canopy structure and gap light transmission indices from true-colour fisheye photographs, users manual and program documentation. Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, and the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York. 36 pp.Google Scholar
FREEMARK, K. E. & MERRIAM, H. G. 1986. Importance of area and habitat heterogeneity to bird assemblages in temperate forest fragments. Biological Conservation 36:115–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GALETTI, M., ALVES-COSTA, C. P. & CAZETTA, E. 2003. Effects of forest fragmentation, anthropogenic edges and fruit colour on the consumption of ornithocoric [sic] fruits. Biological Conservation 111:269–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GOULART, F. F., VANDERMEER, J., PERFECTO, I. & DA MATTA-MACHADO, R. P. 2011. Frugivory by five bird species in agroforest home gardens of Pontal do Paranapanema, Brazil. Agroforestry Systems 82:239–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GREENBERG, R., BICHIER, P. & ANGÓN, A. C. 2000. The conservation value for birds of cacao plantations with diverse planted shade in Tabasco, Mexico. Animal Conservation 3:105–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GREENBERG, R., PERFECTO, I. & PHILPOTT, S. M. 2008. Introduction: agroforests as model systems for tropical ecology. Ecology 89:913–914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOWE, H. F. & SMALLWOOD, J. 1982. Ecology of seed dispersal. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 13:201–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
JORDANO, P. 1987. Patterns of mutualistic interactions in pollination and seed dispersal: connectance, dependence asymmetries, and coevolution. American Naturalist 129:657–677.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LAPS, R. R. 2006. Efeito da fragmentação e alteração do habitat na avifauna da região da Reserva Biológica de Una, Bahia. Ph.D. dissertation, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP.Google Scholar
LAPS, R. R., CORDEIRO, P. H. C., KAJIWARA, D., RIBON, R., RODRIGUES, A. A. F. & UEJIMA, A. M. K. 2003. Aves. Pp. 153–181 in Rambaldi, D. M. & Oliveira, D. A. S. (eds.). Fragmentação de ecossistemas: causas, efeitos sobre a diversidade e recomendações de políticas públicas. Ministério do Meio Ambiente/Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas, Brasília.Google Scholar
LICHSTEIN, J. W., SIMONS, T. R. & FRANZREB, K. E. 2002. Landscape effects on breeding songbird abundance in managed forests. Ecological Applications 12:836–857.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LOISELLE, B. A. & BLAKE, J. G. 2002. Potential consequences of extinction of frugivorous birds for shrubs of a tropical wet forest. Pp. 397–406 in Levey, D. J., Silva, W. R. & Galetti, M. (eds.). Seed dispersal and frugivory: ecology, evolution, and conservation. CABI Publishing, Wallingford.Google Scholar
LOZADA, T., DE KONING, G. H. J., MARCHE, R., KLEIN, A. M. & TSCHARNTKE, T. 2007. Tree recovery and seed dispersal by birds: comparing forest, agroforestry and abandoned agroforestry in coastal Ecuador. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 8:131–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MARINI, M. A. & GARCIA, F. I. 2005. Bird conservation in Brazil. Conservation Biology 19:665–671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MCINTYRE, S. & HOBBS, R. 1999. A framework for conceptualizing human effects on landscapes and its relevance to management and research models. Conservation Biology 13:1282–1292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PARDINI, R. 2004. Effects of forest fragmentation on small mammals in an Atlantic Forest landscape. Biodiversity and Conservation 13:2567–2586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PARDINI, R., FARIA, D., ACCACIO, G. M., LAPS, R. R., MARIANO-NETO, E., PACIENCIA, M. L. B., DIXO, M. & BAUMGARTEN, J. 2009. The challenge of maintaining Atlantic forest biodiversity: a multi-taxa conservation assessment of specialist and generalist species in an agro-forestry mosaic in southern Bahia. Biological Conservation 142:1178–1190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PERFECTO, I., MAS, A., DIETSCH, T. & VANDERMEER, J. 2003. Conservation of biodiversity in coffee agroecosystems: a tri-taxa comparison in southern Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation 12:1239–1252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PHILPOTT, S. M. & BICHIER, P. 2011. Effects of shade tree removal on birds in coffee agroecosystems in Chiapas, Mexico. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 149:171–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RIBON, R., SIMON, J. E. & THEODORO DE MATTOS, G. 2003. Bird extinctions in Atlantic forest fragments of the Viçosa region, southeastern Brazil. Conservation Biology 17:1827–1839.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAMBUICHI, R. H. R. & HARIDASAN, M. 2007. Recovery of species richness and conservation of native Atlantic forest trees in the cacao plantations of southern Bahia in Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation 16:3681–3701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAMBUICHI, R. H. R., VIDAL, D. B., PIASENTIN, F. B., JARDIM, J. G., VIANA, T. G., MENEZES, A. A., MELLO, D. L. N., AHNERT, D. & BALIGAR, V. C. 2012. Cabruca agroforests in southern Bahia, Brazil: tree component, management practices and tree species conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation 21:1055–1077.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SANTANA, S. O., RAMOS, J. V., RUIZ, M. A. M., ARAUJO, Q. R., ALMEIDA, H. A., FILHO, A. F. F., MENDONÇA, J. R. & SANTOS, L. F. C. 2003. Zoneamento agroecológico do Município de Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil. Boletim Técnico n. 186. CEPLAC/CEPEC, Ilhéus, Bahia. 44 pp.Google Scholar
SCHROTH, G., HARVEY, C. A. & VINCENT, G. 2004. Complex agroforests: their structure, diversity, and potential role in landscape conservation. Pp. 227–260 in Schroth, G., Fonseca, G. A. B., Harvey, C. A., Gascon, C., Vasconcelos, H. L. & Izac, A. M. (eds.). Agroforestry and conservation of biodiversity in tropical landscapes. Island Press, Washington.Google Scholar
SCHROTH, G., FARIA, D., ARAUJO, M., BEDE, L., VAN BAEL, S. A., CASSANO, C. R., OLIVEIRA, L. C. & DELABIE, J. H. C. 2011. Conservation in tropical landscape mosaics: the case of the cacao landscape of southern Bahia, Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation 20:1635–1654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TABARELLI, M., AGUIAR, A. V., RIBEIRO, M. C., METZGER, J. P. & PERES, C. A. 2010. Prospects for biodiversity conservation in the Atlantic Forest: lessons from aging human-modified landscapes. Biological Conservation 143:2328–2340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TRZCINSKI, M. K., FAHRIG, L. & MERRIAM, G. 1999. Independent effects of forest cover and fragmentation on the distribution of forest breeding birds. Ecological Applications 9:586–593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VAN BAEL, S. A., BICHIER, P., OCHOA, I. & GREENBERG, R. 2007. Bird diversity in cacao farms and forest fragments of western Panama. Biodiversity and Conservation 16:2245–2256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WALKER, B. H. 1992. Biodiversity and ecological redundancy. Conservation Biology 6:18–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WHEELWRIGHT, N. T. 1985. Fruit-size, gape width, and the diets of fruit-eating birds. Ecology 66:808–818.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WILLSON, M. F., IRVINE, A. & WALSH, N. G. 1989. Vertebrate dispersal syndromes in some Australian and New Zealand plant communities, with geographic comparisons. Biotropica 21:133–147.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WRIGHT, S. J. & DUBER, H. C. 2001. Poachers and forest fragmentation alter seed dispersal, seed survival, and seedling recruitment in the palm Attalea butyracea, with implications for tropical tree diversity. Biotropica 33:583–595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar