Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-s6l46 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-31T16:56:04.577Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reduction of copper oxide with graphite by mechanical alloying

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

L. Liu ,
T. J. Zhang ,
K. Cui  and
Y. D. Dong
L. Liu
Affiliation:
The State Key Lab of Plastic Forming Stimulation and Die & Mould Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 430074 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
T. J. Zhang
Affiliation:
The State Key Lab of Plastic Forming Stimulation and Die & Mould Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 430074 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
K. Cui
Affiliation:
The State Key Lab of Plastic Forming Stimulation and Die & Mould Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 430074 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
Y. D. Dong
Affiliation:
Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Yanchang Road 149, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
Get access

Abstract

The reduction of CuO with different amounts of C (CuO:C = 2:1, 2:1.5, and 2:2 molar ratios) driven by mechanical alloying was examined by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that reduction behaviors are closely related to the carbon content. The reduction of CuO for the mixture with 1 mol of carbon follows a two-step process; i.e., CuO → Cu → Cu2O. However, the CuO can be completely converted to Cu for the mixtures with higher carbon content. A tentative model in terms of solid-state reactions at the interfaces is proposed to explain the effect of carbon content. Additionally, the thermal responses of the premilled mixtures were investigated by thermogravity and differential thermal analysis followed by x-ray identification. Contrary to mechanical alloying, reduction of CuO during thermal treatment follows a transition sequence of CuO → Cu2O → Cu. The preferential formation of Cu2O at the early annealing stage is probably due to the involvement of gaseous reduction.

Information

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 14 , Issue 10 , October 1999 , pp. 4062 - 4069
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

1.Benjamin, J.S., Metal. Trans. 1, 2943 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Gilman, P.S. and Benjamin, J.S., Annu. Rev. Mater. 13, 279 (1983).Google Scholar
3.Koch, C.C., Cavin, O.B., Mckamcy, C.G., and Scarbrough, J.O., Appl. Phys. Lett. 43, 1017 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Politis, C. and Johnson, W.L., J. Appl. Phys. 60, 1147 (1986).Google Scholar
5.Morris, D.G. and Morris, M.A., Master. Sci. Eng. 134, 1481 (1991).Google Scholar
6.Xu, J., Herr, U., Klasse, T., and Averback, R.S., J. Appl. Phys. 79, 3935 (1996).Google Scholar
7.Eckert, J., Schulz, L., and Urban, K., Z. Metallk. 81, 862 (1990).Google Scholar
8.Fecht, H.J., Han, G., Fu, Z., and Johnson, W.L., J. Appl. Phys. 67, 1744 (1990)Google Scholar
9.Schaffer, G.B. and McCormick, P.G., Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 45 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Schaffer, G.B. and McCormick, P.G., Metall. Trans. A. 21, 2789 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Yang, H. and McCormick, P.G., J. Solid State Chem. 107, 258 (1993).Google Scholar
12.Schaffer, G.B. and McCormick, P.G., Metall. Trans. A. 23, 1285 (1992).Google Scholar
13.Yang, H. and McCormick, P.G., J. Solid State Chem. 110, 136 (1994).Google Scholar
14.Schaffer, G.B. and McCormick, P.G., J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 9, 1014 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.McCormick, P.G., Metall. Trans. JIM 36, 161 (1995).Google Scholar
16.Yang, H., Nguyen, G., and McCormick, P.G., Scr. Metall. Mater. 32, 681 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Magini, M., Burgio, N., Martelli, S., Padella, F., and Paridiso, E., J. Mater. Sci. 26, 3969 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Liu, L., Padella, F., Guo, W., and Magini, M., Acta Metall. Mater. 43, 3755 (1995).Google Scholar
19.Liu, L. and Dong, Y.D., Nanostruct. Mater. 2, 463 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Smithells Metals Reference Book, edited by Brandes, A. (Robert Hartnoll Ltd., England, 1983).Google Scholar
21.Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, edited by Weast, Robert C. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1988).Google Scholar
22.Chen, Y., Hwang, T., Marsh, M., and Williams, J.S., Metall. Mater. Trans. A. 28, 115 (1997).Google Scholar