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Stress evolution in silicon nanowires during electrochemical lithiation using in situ synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2019

Sasi Kumar Tippabhotla ,
Ihor Radchenko ,
Camelia V. Stan ,
Nobumichi Tamura  and
Arief Suriadi Budiman
Sasi Kumar Tippabhotla
Affiliation:
Xtreme Materials Laboratory (XML), Engineering Product Development (EPD) Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487373, Singapore
Ihor Radchenko
Affiliation:
Xtreme Materials Laboratory (XML), Engineering Product Development (EPD) Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487373, Singapore
Camelia V. Stan*
Affiliation:
Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Nobumichi Tamura
Affiliation:
Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Arief Suriadi Budiman*
Affiliation:
Xtreme Materials Laboratory (XML), Engineering Product Development (EPD) Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), Singapore 487373, Singapore
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: suriadi@alumni.stanford.edu
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Abstract

Silicon is a promising material for lithium-ion batteries. However, it expands by 300% on lithiation, leading to fracture. Nanostructuring of silicon is expected to be a promising method to improve the mechanical strength of the silicon electrodes. In the present work, a unique battery test cell was designed and fabricated to study the in situ stress evolution in the silicon nanowire (SiNW) electrode during electrochemical lithiation using synchrotron X-ray microdiffraction. The stress in the SiNWs at pristine state and during lithiation was evaluated using energy scans. The average stress in the pristine nanowires was found to be ∼40 MPa tensile, which changed to ∼325 MPa compressive on lithiation. Further, the deviatoric stress state in the SiNWs during lithiation was evaluated using Laue diffraction and the lithiated nanowires were found to be in triaxial stress state with high shear stresses. The technique and the findings provide new and more in-depth understanding of the stress evolution in the SiNWs during electrochemical lithiation.

Keywords

nanostructureX-ray diffraction (XRD)strength

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Footnotes

b)

This author was an editor of this journal during the review and decision stage. For the JMR policy on review and publication of manuscripts authored by editors, please refer to http://www.mrs.org/editor-manuscripts/.

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