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Welfare regime typologies: The six worlds of social inclusion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 January 2025

C. Taylor Brown Open the ORCID record for C. Taylor Brown [Opens in a new window]  and
Anis Ben Brik
C. Taylor Brown*
Affiliation:
School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Anis Ben Brik
Affiliation:
College of Public Policy, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
*
Corresponding author: Christopher Taylor Brown; Email: ct.brown@berkeley.edu
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Abstract

This study bridges the study of social inclusion with welfare regime theory. By linking social inclusion with welfare regimes, we establish a novel analytical framework for assessing global trends and national divergences in social inclusion based on a multidimensional view of the concept. While scholars have developed typologies for social inclusion and welfare regimes independent of each other, limited insights exist on how social inclusion relates to welfare regime typologies. We develop a social inclusion index for 225 countries using principal component analysis with 10 measures of social inclusion from the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals Indicators Database. We then employ clustering algorithms to inductively group countries based on the index. We find six “worlds” of social inclusion based on the index and other social factors – the Low, Mid, and High Social Inclusion regimes and the Low, Mid, and High Social Exclusion regimes.

Keywords

social inclusionwelfare regimescomparative social policyglobal social policyprincipal component analysiscluster analysis
Type
Original Article
Information
Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy , First View , pp. 1 - 23
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Social Policy Association

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