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Turbulent boundary layer flow over regularly and irregularly arranged truncated cone surfaces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 January 2022

Kristofer M. Womack Open the ORCID record for Kristofer M. Womack [Opens in a new window] ,
Ralph J. Volino Open the ORCID record for Ralph J. Volino [Opens in a new window] ,
Charles Meneveau Open the ORCID record for Charles Meneveau [Opens in a new window]  and
Michael P. Schultz Open the ORCID record for Michael P. Schultz [Opens in a new window]
Kristofer M. Womack
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Ralph J. Volino
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
Charles Meneveau
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Michael P. Schultz*
Affiliation:
Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: mschultz@usna.edu
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Abstract

Aiming to study the rough-wall turbulent boundary layer structure over differently arranged roughness elements, an experimental study was conducted on flows with regular and random roughness. Varying planform densities of truncated cone roughness elements in a square staggered pattern were investigated. The same planform densities were also investigated in random arrangements. Velocity statistics were measured via two-component laser Doppler velocimetry and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. Friction velocity, thickness, roughness length and zero-plane displacement, determined from spatially averaged flow statistics, showed only minor differences between the regular and random arrangements at the same density. Recent a priori morphometric and statistical drag prediction methods were evaluated against experimentally determined roughness length. Observed differences between regular and random surface flow parameters were due to the presence of secondary flows which manifest as high-momentum pathways and low-momentum pathways in the streamwise velocity. Contrary to expectation, these secondary flows were present over the random surfaces and not discernible over the regular surfaces. Previously identified streamwise-coherent spanwise roughness heterogeneity does not seem to be present, suggesting that such roughness heterogeneity is not necessary to sustain secondary flows. Evidence suggests that the observed secondary flows were initiated at the front edge of the roughness and sustained over irregular roughness. Due to the secondary flows, local turbulent boundary layer profiles do not scale with local wall shear stress but appear to scale with local turbulent shear stress above the roughness canopy. Additionally, quadrant analysis shows distinct changes in the populations of ejection and sweep events.

JFM classification

Turbulent Flows: Turbulent boundary layers
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 933 , 25 February 2022 , A38
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© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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