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Size segregation of intruders in perpetual granular avalanches

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 July 2017

Benjy Marks Open the ORCID record for Benjy Marks [Opens in a new window] ,
Jon Alm Eriksen ,
Guillaume Dumazer ,
Bjørnar Sandnes  and
Knut Jørgen Måløy
Benjy Marks*
Affiliation:
Particles and Grains Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, Australia Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1048, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
Jon Alm Eriksen
Affiliation:
Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1048, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
Guillaume Dumazer
Affiliation:
PoreLab, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1048, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
Bjørnar Sandnes
Affiliation:
College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
Knut Jørgen Måløy
Affiliation:
PoreLab, Department of Physics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1048, Blindern, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
*
†Email address for correspondence: benjy.marks@sydney.edu.au
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Abstract

Granular flows such as landslides, debris flows and avalanches are systems of particles with a large range of particle sizes that typically segregate while flowing. The physical mechanisms responsible for this process, however, are still poorly understood, and there is no predictive framework for ascertaining the segregation behaviour of a given system of particles. Here, we provide experimental evidence of individual large intruder particles being attracted to a fixed point in a dry two-dimensional flow of particles of otherwise uniform size. A continuum theory is proposed which captures this effect using only a single fitting parameter that describes the rate of segregation, given knowledge of the bulk flow field. Predictions of the continuum theory are compared with the experimental findings, both for the typical location and velocity field of a range of intruder sizes. For large intruder particle sizes, the continuum model successfully predicts that a fixed point attractor will form, where intruders are drawn to a single location.

JFM classification

Granular media: Granular media Mixing: Granular mixing Nonlinear Dynamical Systems: Pattern formation

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Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 825 , 25 August 2017 , pp. 502 - 514
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© 2017 Cambridge University Press 

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Marks et al. supplementary movie

Video of two intruder particles flowing in a perpetual avalanche. Note that the large red particle tends to stay towards the right hand side, while the small blue particle explores the whole system.

Download Marks et al. supplementary movie(Video)
Video 522.7 MB