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Large-eddy simulation of high-Reynolds-number turbulent channel flow controlled using streamwise travelling wave-like wall deformation for drag reduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2025

Yusuke Nabae Open the ORCID record for Yusuke Nabae [Opens in a new window] ,
Kazuhiro Inagaki Open the ORCID record for Kazuhiro Inagaki [Opens in a new window] ,
Hiromichi Kobayashi Open the ORCID record for Hiromichi Kobayashi [Opens in a new window] ,
Hiroshi Gotoda Open the ORCID record for Hiroshi Gotoda [Opens in a new window]  and
Koji Fukagata Open the ORCID record for Koji Fukagata [Opens in a new window]
Yusuke Nabae*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
Kazuhiro Inagaki
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe 610-0394, Japan
Hiromichi Kobayashi
Affiliation:
Department of Physics & Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
Hiroshi Gotoda
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
Koji Fukagata
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
*
†Email address for correspondence: yusuke.nabae@rs.tus.ac.jp
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Abstract

We investigate the drag reduction effect of the streamwise travelling wave-like wall deformation in a high-Reynolds-number turbulent channel flow by large-eddy simulation (LES). First, we assess the validity of subgrid-scale models in uncontrolled and controlled flows. For friction Reynolds numbers $Re_\tau = 360$ and $720$, the Smagorinsky and wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity (WALE) models with a damping function can reproduce well the mean velocity profile obtained by direct numerical simulation (DNS) in both the uncontrolled and controlled flows, leading to a small difference in drag reduction rate between LES and DNS. The LES with finer grid resolution can reproduce well the key structures observed in the DNS of the controlled flow. These results show that the high-fidelity LES is valid for appropriately predicting the drag reduction effect. In addition, a small computational domain is sufficient for reproducing the turbulence statistics, key structures and drag reduction rate obtained by DNS. Subsequently, to investigate the trend of drag reduction rate at higher Reynolds numbers, we utilize the WALE model with the damping function to investigate the control effect at higher Reynolds numbers up to $Re_\tau = 3240$. According to the analyses of turbulence statistics and instantaneous flow fields, the drag reduction at higher Reynolds numbers occurs basically through the same mechanism as that at lower Reynolds numbers. In addition, the drag reduction rate obtained by the present LES approaches that predicted using the semi-empirical formula (Nabae et al., Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow, vol. 82, 2020, 108550) as the friction Reynolds number increases, which supports the high predictability of the semi-empirical formula at significantly high Reynolds numbers.

JFM classification

Flow Control: Drag reduction Turbulent Flows: Turbulence control Waves/Free-surface Flows: Channel flow
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1003 , 25 January 2025 , A2
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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