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Combustion noise modelling of thermally perfect and multi-species gas flow in nozzles

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 July 2025

Yann Gentil Open the ORCID record for Yann Gentil [Opens in a new window] ,
Guillaume Daviller Open the ORCID record for Guillaume Daviller [Opens in a new window]  and
Stephane Moreau Open the ORCID record for Stephane Moreau [Opens in a new window]
Yann Gentil*
Affiliation:
CERFACS, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, Toulouse 31057, France
Guillaume Daviller
Affiliation:
CERFACS, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, Toulouse 31057, France
Stephane Moreau
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K2R1, Canada
*
Corresponding author: Yann Gentil, gentil@cerfacs.fr
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Abstract

Several hypotheses are employed to describe the fluctuating motions within nozzles and to analytically predict combustion noise generation mechanisms. One of these assumptions is that of a calorifically perfect gas mixture, where $c_p$ is constant. Nonetheless, a realistic flow rather encompasses heat capacities $c_p$ that vary with temperature, i.e. $c_p = c_p(T)$, such that the mixture is called thermally perfect. The influence of the mixture assumptions on noise generation mechanisms is re-examined in this paper. To do so, the quasi one-dimensional Euler equations for multi-species, isentropic and non-reactive flow are considered within the nozzle. Their linearisation yields a new prediction model in addition to showing a new entropy-to-entropy coupling mechanism. Relying on either the assumption of low frequencies or the Magnus’ expansion methodology, two analytical solutions are derived and studied. Validation of these two prediction models is then provided relying on unsteady simulations of axisymmetric nozzles with superimposed incident waves. To generalise previous results, parametric studies are performed considering various nozzle flow geometries. Variations of up to $10\,\,\%$ are exhibited in a choked flow nozzle between the two mixtures, especially for the indirect entropy noise and the entropy-to-entropy transmission moduli.

JFM classification

Acoustics: Aeroacoustics Compressible Flows: Gas dynamics

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Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1014 , 10 July 2025 , A39
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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