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Mixing of active scalars due to random weak shock waves in two dimensions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 March 2025

Joaquim P. Jossy  and
Prateek Gupta Open the ORCID record for Prateek Gupta [Opens in a new window]
Joaquim P. Jossy
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
Prateek Gupta*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
*
Corresponding author: Prateek Gupta, prgupta@am.iitd.ac.in
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Abstract

In this work, we investigate the mixing of active scalars in two dimensions by the stirring action of stochastically generated weak shock waves. We use Fourier pseudospectral direct numerical simulations of the interaction of shock waves with two non-reacting species to analyse the mixing dynamics for different Atwood numbers (At). Unlike passive scalars, the presence of density gradients in active scalars alters the molecular diffusion term and makes the species diffusion nonlinear, introducing a concentration gradient-driven term and a density gradient-driven nonlinear dissipation term in the concentration evolution equation. We show that the direction of concentration gradient causes the interface across which molecular diffusion occurs to expand outwards or inwards, even without any stirring action. Shock waves enhance the mixing process by increasing the perimeter of the interface and by sustaining concentration gradients. Negative Atwood number mixtures sustain concentration gradients for a longer time than positive Atwood number mixtures due to the so-called nonlinear dissipation terms. We estimate the time until that when the action of stirring is dominant over molecular mixing. We also highlight the role of baroclinicity in increasing the interface perimeter in the stirring dominant regime. We compare the stirring effect of shock waves on mixing of passive scalars with active scalars and show that the vorticity generated by baroclinicity is responsible for the folding and stretching of the interface in the case of active scalars. We conclude by showing that lighter mixtures with denser inhomogeneities ($At\lt 0$) take a longer time to homogenise than the denser mixtures with lighter inhomogeneities ($At\gt 0$).

JFM classification

Mixing: Turbulent mixing
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1007 , 25 March 2025 , A25
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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