Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 January 2021
Aliens — Refugees — Refugee status — Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951, and Protocol, 1967 — Former member of Irish National Liberation Army (“INLA”) claiming refugee status — Fear of persecution by the INLA — Whether INLA “a particular social group” — UNHCR Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status — Whether persecution feared must be by State — Whether involvement of State a sine qua non — Whether respondent unable to claim protection of all countries of nationality — Canada’s international legal obligations to refugees — Immigration Act 1976 — The law of Canada