Hostname: page-component-7857688df4-qjfxt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-11-12T09:53:08.068Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Laboratory evaluation of some eastern African Meliaceae as sources of larvicidal botanicals for Anopheles gambiae

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

Mary Ndung'u ,
Baldwyn Torto ,
Bart G.J. Knols  and
Ahmed Hassanali
Mary Ndung'u*
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya: Department of Chemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya
Baldwyn Torto
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya:
Bart G.J. Knols
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya:
Ahmed Hassanali
Affiliation:
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), PO Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya:
*
*Email: mwambui@icipe.org
Get access

Abstract

Root bark extracts of five Meliaceae species (Turraea abyssinica Hochst., Turraea wakefeldii Oliv., Turraea mombassana Hiern ex C.DC., Trichilia roka (Forsk) Chiov. and Melia volkensii Guerke.) and different fractions thereof (following chloroform extraction and column chromatographic separation) were compared for their immediate toxicity and long-term effects on Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae). Larvicidal effects of the extracts appeared to be largely associated with limonoids of medium polarity with M. volkensii and T. mombassana extracts being more potent than those of the other Meliaceae. Long-term (6–8 days post-exposure) observations at lower doses showed that 100% cumulative mortality can be achieved with some extracts (particularly those of T. mombassana and M. volkensii) with interesting growth-inhibition effects. Follow-up studies that are needed and practical implications of the results in terms of development of larval control strategies for African malaria vectors are discussed.

Keywords

Anopheles gambiaeTurraea abyssinicaTurraea wakefeldiiTurraea mombassanaTrichilia rokaMelia volkensiilimonoidslarvicidegrowth inhibition

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 24 , Issue 4 , December 2004 , pp. 311 - 318
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Adul, G. G., Bentley, M. D., Benson, B. W., Huang, F. Y., Gelbaum, L. & Hassanali, A. (1993) Two new prieurianin-class limonoids from Turraea mombassana. J. Nat. Products 56, 1414–1417.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Sharook, Z., Balan, K., Jiang, Y. & Rembold, H. (1991) Insect growth inhibitors from two tropical Meliaceae: effect of crude seed extracts on mosquito larvae. J. Appl. Entomol. 11, 425–430.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, N. & Margalit, J. (1993) Use of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis against mosquitoes and blackflies, pp. 147–170. In Bacillus thuringiensis, An Environmental Biopesticide: Theory and Practice (Edited by Entwistle, P. F., Cory, J. S., Bailey, M. J. & Higgs, S.). John Wiley and Sons Ltd.Google Scholar
Blundell, M. (1987) Wild Flowers of East Africa. William Collins Sons and Co Ltd., London135 pp.Google Scholar
Bohlmann, F., Zdero, C. H. & Suwita, A. (1974) Weitare amide aus de tribus authemidaea. Chem. Rev. 107, 1038.Google Scholar
Champagne, D. E., Koul, O., Isman, M. B., Scudder, G. G. E. & Towers, G. H. N. (1992) Biological activity of limonoids from the Rutales. Phytochemistry 31, 377–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtis, C. F., Lines, J. D., Baolins, L. & Renz, A. (1991) Natural and synthetic repellents, pp. 75–92. In Control of Disease Vectors in The Community (Edited by Curtis, C. F.). Wolfe Publishing. London.Google Scholar
Gilles, H. M. (1993) Historical outline, pp. 1–10. In Bruce-Chwatts, Essential Malariology (Edited by Gilles, H. M. & Warrel, D. A.). Little Brown and Company, Boston, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Isman, M. B. (1995) Leads and prospects for the development of new botanical insecticides. A review. Pest. Toxicol. 3, 1–20.Google Scholar
Jayaprakasha, G. K., Singh, R. P., Pereira, J. & Sakariah, K. K. (1997) Limonoids form Citrus reticulata and their moult inhibiting activity against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Phytochemistry 44, 843–846.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jondiko, I. J. O. (1986) A mosquito larvicide in Spilanthes mauritania. Phytochemistry 25, 10 2289–2290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, P. S., Ley, S. V., Morgan, E. D. & Santafanios, D. (1989) The chemistry of the neem tree, pp. 19–45. In 1988 Focus on Phytochemical Pesticides (Edited by Jacobson, D. L.). Vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.Google Scholar
Khalid, S. A., Duddect, H. & Gonzalez-Sierra, M. (1989) Isolation and characterisation of an antimalarial agent from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica. J. Nat. Products 52, 922–927.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kokwaro, J. O. (1993) Medicinal Plants of East Africa. East African Literature Bureau, Nairobi, Kenya. 157 pp.Google Scholar
Lee, S. M., Klocke, J. A., Barnaby, M. A., Yamasaki, R. B. & Balandrin, M. F. (1991) Insecticidal constituents of Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach (Meliaceae), pp. 293–300. In Naturally Occurring Pest Bioregulators ACS symposium series No. 449 (Edited by Hedin, P. A.). American Chemical Society Washington.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopez-Olquin, J. F., Budia, F., Chestnut, S. P. & Vinvella, E. (1997) Activity of Trichilia havanensis on larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. Bull. Vegetal Health Plagues 23, 3–10.Google Scholar
Mackinnon, S., Durst, T. & Arnason, J. T. (1997) Antimalarial activity of tropical Meliaceae extracts and gedunin derivatives. J. Nat. Products 60, 336–341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mulla, M. S., Singh, N. & Darwazeh, H. A. (1991) Delayed mortality and morphogenetic anomalies induced in Culex quiquefasciatus by the microbial control agent Bacillus sphaericus. J. Am. Mosq. Cont. Assoc. 7, 412–419.Google Scholar
Mwangi, R. W. (1982) Locust antifeedant activity in fruits of Melia volkensii. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 32, 277–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mwangi, R. W. (1997) Studies of insecticidal activity in extract fractions of Melia volkensii (Gurke). Discovery and Innovation 9, 33–38.Google Scholar
Mwangi, R. W. & Mukiama, T. K. (1988) Evaluation of Melia volkensii extract fractions as mosquito larvicides. J. Am. Mosq. Cont. Assoc. 4, 442–447.Google ScholarPubMed
Mwangi, R. W. & Rembold, H. (1988) Growth inhibiting and larvicidal effects of Melia volkensii extracts on Aedes aegypti larvae. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 46, 103–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pålsson, K. & Jaenson, T. G. T. (1999a) Comparison of plant products and pyrethroid- treated bednets for protection against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. J. Med. Entomol. 36, 144–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pålsson, K. & Jaenson, T. G. T. (1999b) Plant products used as mosquito repellents in Guinea Bissau, West Africa. Acta Trop. 72, 39–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rajab, M. S. & Bentley, M. D. (1988) Tetranortriterpenes from Melia volkensii. J. Nat. Products 53, 840–844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rajab, M. S., Bentley, M. D., Alford, A. R. & Mendel, M. J. (1988) A new limonoid insect antifeedant from the fruit of Melia volkensii. J. Nat. Products 51, 168–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rembold, H. (1995) Biological effects of neem and their modes of action: growth and metamorphosis, pp. 177–178. In The Neem Tree (Edited by Schumutterer, H.). VCH Publishers, New York.Google Scholar
Roel, A. R., Vendramim, J. D., Frighetto, R. T. & Frighetto, N. (2000) Efeito do extrato acetato de etila de Trichilia pallida Swartz (Meliaceae) no desenvolvimento e sobrevivência da lagarta-do-cartucho. Bragantia 59, 53–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, L. L., Lu, Zeng & Mclaughlin, J. L. (1998) New bioactive steroids from Melia volkensii. J. Org. Chem. 63, 3781–3785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarker, S. D., Savchenko, T., Whiting, P., Sik, V. & Dinan, L. N. (1997) Two limonoids from Turraea obtusifolia (Meliaceae), prieurianin and rohitukin, antagonise 20-hydroxyecdysone action in a Drosophila cell line. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol 35, 211–217.3.0.CO;2-E>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmutterer, H. & Ascher, K. R. S. (1984) Natural pesticides from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and other tropical plants. Proceedings, International Neem Conference (Ranischholzhausen, 1983) GTZ, Eschborn, Germany. 583 pp.Google Scholar
Service, M. W. (1993) The Anopheles vector, pp. 97–124. In Bruce Chwatts Essential Malariology (Edited by Gilles, H. M. & Warrel, D. A.). Little Brown and Company, Boston, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Seyoum, A., Palsson, K., Kung'a, S., Kabiru, E. W., Lwande, W., KilleenG,. F. G,. F., Hassanali, A. & Knols, B. G. J. (2002a) Traditional use of mosquito- repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: Ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 96, 225–231.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seyoum, A., Kabiru, E. W., Lwande, W., Killeen, G. F., Hassanali, A. & Knols, B. G. J. (2002b) Repellency of live potted plants against Anopheles gambiae from human baits in semi-field experimental huts. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 67, 191–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slooff, R. (1987) The control of malaria vectors in the context of the health for all by the year 2000 global strategy, pp. 551–555. In Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the American Mosquito Control Association, Seattle, Washington.Google Scholar
Snow, R. W., Bradley, A. K., Hayes, R., Byass, P. & Greenwood, B. M. (1987) Does woodsmoke protect against malaria?. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 81, 449–451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sukumar, K., Perich, M. J. & Boobar, L. R. (1991) Botanical derivatives in mosquito control. A review. J. of Am. Mosquito Control Assoc. 7, 210–237.Google ScholarPubMed
Torto, B., Hassanali, A., Nyandat, E. & Bentley, M. D. (1996) A limonoid from Turraea floribunda. Phytochemistry 42, 1235–1237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Nat, J. M., Van der Sluis, W. G., 'Thart, L. A., Van Djik, H., De Silva, K. T. D. & Labadie, R. P. (1991) Activity-guided isolation and identification of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) bark extract constituents, which specifically inhibit luminol-dependent chemiluminescence by activated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Planta Medica 57, 65–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WHO (1996) Report of the WHO Informal Consultation On the Evaluation and Testing of Insecticides 37GenevaWHO.Google Scholar
Zebitz, C. P. W. (1987) Potential of neem seed kernel extracts in mosquito control, pp. 555–573. In Natural Pesticides from Neem Tree and Other Tropical Plants. Proceedings of the 3rd neem conference (Nairobi, Kenya, 1986) (Edited by Schumutterer, H. & Ascher, K. R. S.)Google Scholar
Zeng, L., Gu, Z. M., Fang, X. P., Fanwick, P. E., Chang, C. J., Smith, D. L. & McLaughlin, J. L. (1995) Two new bioactive triterpenoids from Melia volkensii (Meliaceae). Tetrahedron 51, 2477–2488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar