Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-wxk4p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-31T14:09:44.051Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Theoretical and experimental investigation of two-layer circular patch antenna excited by a coaxial probe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2021

Manotosh Biswas Open the ORCID record for Manotosh Biswas [Opens in a new window] ,
Mihir Dam  and
Sourav Banik
Manotosh Biswas*
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics & Tele-Communication Engineering, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mullick Road, Kolkata, PIN 700 032, India
Mihir Dam
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics, Vidyasagar College for Women, 39 Sankar Ghosh Lane, Kolkata 700 006, India
Sourav Banik
Affiliation:
Department of Electronics & Tele-Communication Engineering, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mullick Road, Kolkata, PIN 700 032, India
*
Author for correspondence: Manotosh Biswas, Email: mbiswas@ieee.org
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this article, we present two efficient closed-form models to examine thoroughly the dependence of resonant frequency, quality factor, probe reactance, input impedance, bandwidth, and gain on parameters such as patch radius, probe location, substrate electrical parameters, and air gap of a coax probe-fed circular patch antenna. The implementation of these models is very easy and the computation cost is very low. The proposed models show excellent agreements with experimental and simulation results. We have also investigated experimentally the gain patterns of a suspended substrate circular patch antenna.

Keywords

Improved closed-form modelresonanceimpedance-bandwidthprobe reactancecircular patch antenna

Information

Type
Antenna Design, Modelling and Measurements
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , February 2022 , pp. 95 - 114
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with the European Microwave Association

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Garg, R, Bhartia, P, Bahl, I and Ittipiboon, A (2001) Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook. Canton: MA Artech House.Google Scholar
James, JR and Hall, PS (1989) Handbook of Microstrip Antennas. London, UK: Peter Peregrinus.Google Scholar
Kumar, G and Ray, KP (2003) Broadband Microstrip Antennas. London: Artech House.Google Scholar
Bogosanovich, M (2000) Microstrip patch sensor for measurement of the permittivity of homogeneous dielectric materials. IEEE Transactions Instrumentation Measurement 49, 1144–1148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wichaidit, C, Peck, JR, Zhang, L and Hamers, RJ (2001) Hagness SC and Van Der Weide DW. Resonant slot antennas as transducers of DNA hybridization: a computational feasibility study. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Dig 1–3, 163–166.Google Scholar
Zucchelli, A, Chimenti, M and Bozzi, E (2008) Application of a coaxial-fed patch to microwave nondestructive porosity measurements in low-loss dielectrics. Progress In Electromagnetics Research 5, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cataldo, A, Monti, G, De Benedetto, E, Cannazza, G and Tarricone, L (2009) A noninvasive resonance-based method for moisture content evaluation through microstrip antennas. IEEE Transactions Instrumentation Measurement 58, 1420–1426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biswas, M and Mandal, A (2014) Design and development of an equilateral patch sensor for determination of permittivity of homogeneous dielectric medium. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 56, 1097–1104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jobs, M and Rydberg, A (2012) Conformal dual patch antenna for diversity based sensor nodes. Electronics Letters 48, 306–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterhouse, RB (2007) Printed Antennas for Wireless Communications. England: John Wiley & Sons.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jin, Y and Du, Z (2015) Broadband dual-polarized F-probe fed stacked patch antenna for base stations. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 14, 1121–1124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, Q, Yang, S and Chen, Z (2015) Modified corner-fed dual-polarised stacked patch antenna for micro-base station applications. Electronics Letters 51, 604–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ali, M, Sayem, TM and Kunda, VK (2007) A reconfigurable stacked microstrip patch antenna for satellite and terrestrial links. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 56, 426–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, Y, Chen, CC and Volakis, JL (2007) Dual band proximity-fed stacked patch antenna for tri-band GPS applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 55, 220–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Z, Fang, S, Fu, S and Lü, S (2009) Dual-band probe-fed stacked patch antenna for GNSS applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 8, 100–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, D, Guo, P, Dai, Q and Fu, Y (2012) Broadband capacitively coupled stacked patch antenna for GNSS applications. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 11, 701–704.Google Scholar
Falade, OP, Rehman, MU, Gao, Y, Chen, X and Parini, CG (2012) Single feed stacked patch circular polarized antenna for triple band GPS receivers. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, 4479–4484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Z, Fang, S, Fu, S and Jia, S (2011) Single-fed broadband circularly polarized stacked patch antenna with horizontally meandered strip for universal UHF RFID applications. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 59, 1066–1073.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, Y, Ma, R, Wang, Y, Zhang, Q and Parini, C (2016) Stacked patch antenna with dual-polarization and low mutual coupling for massive MIMO. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, 4544–4549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, H, Wang, Z, Yu, J and Huang, J (2008) A compact MIMO antenna for wireless communication. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine 50, 104–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, J, Hao, ZC and Hong, W (2017) Design of a wideband quad-polarization reconfigurable patch antenna array using a stacked structure. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, 3014–3023.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sung, Y (2010) Investigation into the polarization of asymmetrical-feed triangular microstrip antennas and its application to reconfigurable antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, 1039–1046.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watkins, J (1969) Circular resonant structures in microstrip. Electronics Letters 5, 524–525.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Itoh, T and Mitra, R (1973) Analysis of microstrip disk resonator. Arch Eleck Ubertragung 27, 456–458.Google Scholar
Wolff, I and Knoppik, N (1974) Rectangular and circular microstrip disk capacitors and resonators. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 22, 857–864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howell, JQ (1975) Microstrip antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 23, 90–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shen, LC, Long, SA, Allerding, MR and Walton, MD (1977) Resonant frequency of a circular disc, printed-circuit antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 25, 595–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lo, YT, Solomon, D and Richards, WF (1979) Theory and experiment on microstrip antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 27, 137–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chew, WC and Kong, JA (1980) Effects of fringing field on the capacitance of circular microstrip disk. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 28, 98–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahele, JS and Lee, KF (1983) Effect of substrate thickness on the performance of a circular-disk microstrip antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 31, 358–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, KF and Dahale, JS (1983) Mode characteristics of annular-ring and circular-disc microstrip antenna with and without airgaps. IEEE Antennas Propagation Society Digest 21, 55–58.Google Scholar
Dahele, S, Mem, S and Lee, KF (1985) Theory and experiment on microstrip antennas with air gaps. IEE Proceedings H (Microwaves, Antennas and PropagationIEE Proceedings H (Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation) 132, 455–460.Google Scholar
Abboud, F, Damiano, JP and Papiernik, A (1988) A new determination of the resonant frequency of a circular disc microstrip antenna: application to the thick substrate. Electronics Letters 24, 1104–1106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richards, WF, Lo, YT and Harrison, DD (1981) An improved theory for microstrip antennas and applications. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 29, 38–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, KF, Ho, KY and Dahele, JS (1984) Circular disc microstrip antenna with an air gap. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 32, 880–884.Google Scholar
Derneryd, AG (1979) Analysis of the microstrip disk antenna element. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 27, 660–664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abboud, F, Damiano, JP and Papiernik, A (1990) A new model for calculating the impedance of coax-fed circular microstrip antennas with and without air gaps. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 38, 1882–1885.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antoszkiewicz, K and Shafai, L (1990) Impedance characteristics of circular microstrip patches. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 38, 942–946.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yano, S and Ishimaru, A (1981) A theoretical study of the input impedance of a circular microstrip disk antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 29, 77–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aberle, JT, Pozar, DM and Birtcher, CR (1991) Evaluation of input impedance and radar cross section of probe-fed microstrip patch elements using an accurate feed model. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 39, 1691–1696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehler, MJ, Maclean, TSM and Abbas, AK (1986) Input impedance of a circular microstrip disc antenna using mode matching. Electronics Letters 22, 362–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidovitz, M and Lo, YT (1986) Input impedance of a probe-fed circular microstrip antenna with thick substrate. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 34, 905–911.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidovitz, M and Lo, YT (1989) Rigorous analysis of a circular patch antenna excited by a microstrip transmission line. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 37, 949–958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Losada, V, Boix, RR and Horno, M (1999) Resonant modes of circular microstrip patches in multilayered substrates. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 47, 488–497.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newman, EH and Tulyathan, P (1981) Analysis of microstrip antennas using moment methods. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 29, 47–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carver, KR and Mink, JW (1981) Microstrip antenna technology. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 29, 2–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pozar, DM (1982) Input impedance and mutual coupling of rectangular microstrip antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 30, 1191–1196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pozar, DM and Voda, SM (1987) A rigorous analysis of a microstrip line fed patch antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 35, 1343–1350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fan, Z and Lee, KF (1992) Spectral domain analysis of rectangular microstrip antennas with an air gap. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 5, 315–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGrath, DT and Pyati, VP (1994) Phased array antenna analysis with the hybrid finite element method. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 42, 1625–1630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reineix, A and Jecko, B (1989) Analysis of microstrip patch antenna using finite difference time domain method. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 37, 1361–1369.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Navarro, JA and Chang, K (1992) A ka-band cavity-enclosed aperture-coupled circular patch antenna and array for millimeter-wave circuit integration. Proceedings 1992 IEEE AP-S International Symposium Digest, 313–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aberle, JT (1993) On the use of metallized cavities backing microstrip antennas. Proceedings 1993 IEEE AP-S International Symposium Digest, 60–63.Google Scholar
Navarro, JA, Fun, L and Chang, K (1993) Active integrated strip line circular patch antennas for spatial power combining. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 41, 1856–1863.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Navarro, JA, Fun, L and Chang, K (1994) Novel FET integrated inverted strip line patch. Electronics Letters 30, 655–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biswas, M and Men, M (2019) Fast and accurate model for a coax-fed rectangular patch antenna with varying aspect ratio, feed location and substrate electrical parameters. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 33, 428–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrington, RF (1961) Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields. New York: McGraw-Hill, 228.Google Scholar
Guha, D, Biswas, M and Siddiqui, JY (2007) Harrington's formula extended to determine accurate feed reactance of probe-fed microstrip patches. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 6, 33–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biswas, M and Dam, M (2018) Closed-form model to determine the co-axial probe reactance of an equilateral triangular patch antenna. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, 801–813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deshpande, M and Bailey, M (1982) Input impedance of microstrip antennas. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 30, 645–650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bahl, IJ and Bhartia, P (1980) Microstrip Antennas. Dedham: Artech House.Google Scholar
Khellaf, A, Thouroude, D and Daniel, JP (1990) Simple expression of rectangular patch's resistance at resonance. Electronics Letters 26, 1188–1190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y and Bowler, N (2010) Resonant frequency of a rectangular patch sensor covered with multilayered dielectric structures. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 58, 1883–1889.Google Scholar
Wheeler, HA (1965) Transmission-line properties of parallel strips separated by a dielectric sheet. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 13, 172–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, TC and Steer, MB (2000) Foundations of Interconnect and Microstrip Design, 3rd Edn. USA: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, HA (1982) A simple formula for the capacitance of a disc on dielectric on a plane. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 30, 2050–2054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharyya, AK (1991) Characteristics of circular patch on thick substrate and superstrate. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 39, 1038–1041.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walton, MD (1976) An experimental study of the printed-circuit circular disc antenna. (M S Thesis). University of Houston, Houston Texas.Google Scholar