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The formation of massive planets in binary star systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2010

K. Goździewski ,
A. Niedzielski ,
J. Schneider  and
W. Kley
W. Kley*
Affiliation:
Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract

As of today over 40 planetary systems have been discovered inbinary star systems. In all cases the configuration appears to be circumstellar,where the planets orbit around one of the stars, the secondary acting asa perturber. The formation of planets in binary star systems is more difficultthan around single stars due to the gravitational action of the companionon the dynamics of the protoplanetary disk.In this contribution we first briefly present the relevant observationalevidence for planets in binary systems. Then the dynamical influence that asecondary companion has on a circumstellar disk will be analyzed throughfully hydrodynamical simulations. We demonstrate that the disk becomeseccentric and shows a coherent precession around the primary star.Finally, fully hydrodynamical simulations of evolving protoplanetsembedded in disks in binary star systems are presented.We investigate how the orbital evolution of protoplanetary embryosand their mass growth from cores tomassive planets might be affected in this very dynamical environment.We consider, in particular, the planetorbiting the primary in the system γ Cephei.

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