Hostname: page-component-669899f699-tpknm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-27T00:25:32.410Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Community-based monitoring reveals low anthropogenic pressure on a game vertebrate population in a sustainable-use Amazonian protected area

Part of: Mammal Wildlife Conservation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 February 2024

Yasmin Maria Sampaio dos Reis Open the ORCID record for Yasmin Maria Sampaio dos Reis [Opens in a new window]  and
Maíra Benchimol
Yasmin Maria Sampaio dos Reis*
Affiliation:
Applied Ecology & Conservation Lab, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
Maíra Benchimol
Affiliation:
Applied Ecology & Conservation Lab, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
*
Corresponding author: Yasmin Maria Sampaio dos Reis; Email: yasmin.sampaioreis@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Biodiversity systematic monitoring programmes have been expanding across the globe, especially in protected areas (PAs). Amongst sustainable-use PAs, medium- to large-sized mammals and birds comprise crucial groups to monitor, given their importance to forest functionality and subsistence for local residents. Here, we used 6 years of community-based monitoring data from a sustainable-use PA in the Brazilian Amazonia (Tapajós–Arapiuns Extractive Reserve) to examine the influence of anthropogenic stressors and time on the density and biomass of forest mammal and bird game species. We further assessed trends in population density of target groups over the period. A total of 1915 km of line-transect surveys were completed by trained local monitors along eight established transects, providing data from 12 medium-sized and five large-sized game genera. Generalized linear mixed models of all medium-sized species, all large species and four individual taxa (Tinamidae, Dasyproctidae, primates and Cervidae) showed that some species (e.g., Dasyprocta croconota) exhibited great density, whereas others (e.g., Tapirus terrestris and Tayassu pecari) were rarely detected. Anthropogenic variables did not affect the density and biomass of the overall medium-sized and large vertebrates. Dasyproctidae, Tinamidae and primates were the only taxa influenced by anthropogenic stressors, with negative influence occurring only for Tinamidae. Moreover, density of groups and taxa remained stable throughout the period in the Reserve, although the frequency of some species may indicate past population losses. Continuation of this monitoring programme is required to improve understanding of population fluctuations, but over the 6 years studied, game population density and biomass were not linked to anthropogenic stressors.

Keywords

Birdsgame faunahunting pressuremammalsparticipatory monitoring
Type
Research Paper
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 51 , Issue 2 , June 2024 , pp. 122 - 133
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Foundation for Environmental Conservation

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Abrahams, MI, Peres, CA, Costa, HC (2018) Manioc losses by terrestrial vertebrates in western Brazilian Amazonia. Journal of Wildlife Management 82: 734–746.Google Scholar
Antunes, AP, Fewster, RM, Venticinque, EM, Peres, CA, Levi, T, Rohe, F, Shepard, GH (2016) Empty forest or empty rivers? A century of commercial hunting in Amazonia. Science Advances 2: e1600936.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ayres, JM, Ayres, C (1979) Aspectos da caça no alto rio Aripuanã. Acta amazônica 9: 287–298.Google Scholar
Barlow, J, Peres, CA (2006) Effects of single and recurrent wildfires on fruit production and large vertebrate abundance in a central Amazonian forest. Biodiversity & Conservation 15: 985–1012.Google Scholar
Beirne, C, Meier, AC, Mbele, AE, Menie, GM, Froese, G, Okouyi, J, Poulsen, JR (2019) Participatory monitoring reveals village-centered gradients of mammalian defaunation in central Africa. Biological conservation 233: 228–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benchimol, M (2016) Medium and large-sized mammals. In: TH, Larsen (ed.), Core Standardized Methods for Rapid Biological Field Assessment (pp. 37–48). Arlington, VA, USA: Conservation International.Google Scholar
Benítez-López, A, Alkemade, R, Schipper, AM, Ingram, DJ, Verweij, PA, Eikelboom, JAJ, Huijbregts, MAJ, (2017) The impact of hunting on tropical mammal and bird populations. Science 356: 180–183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benítez-López, A, Santini, L, Schipper, AM, Busana, M, Huijbregts, MA (2019) Intact but empty forests? Patterns of hunting-induced mammal defaunation in the tropics. PLoS Biology 17: e3000247.Google ScholarPubMed
Bernardo, CSS, Galetti, M (2004) Densidade e tamanho populacional de primatas em um fragmento florestal no sudeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 21: 827–832.Google Scholar
Braga, TMP, Silva, JT, Rebêlo, GH, Jensen, L, Fugimura, MMS (2022) Manejo dos recursos pesqueiros pelos ribeirinhos do baixo tapajós (pesca artesanal e piscicultura). In: DFC Andrade, JN Spínola (eds), O Rio que nos une (pp. 205–216). Brasília. Brazil: ICMBio.Google Scholar
Brooks, M, Bolker, B, Kristensen, K, Maechler, M (2022) Package ‘glmmTMB’ [www document]. URL http://cran.uni-muenster.de/web/packages/glmmTMB/glmmTMB.pdf Google Scholar
Burnham, KP, Anderson, DR (2002) Information and likelihood theory: a basis for model selection and inference. In: Burnham, KP, Anderson, DR (eds), Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach, (pp. 49–97). Berlin, Germany: Springer.Google Scholar
Calouro, AM, Marinho-Filho, JS (2006) A caça e a pesca de subsistência entre seringueiros ribeirinhos e não-ribeirinhos da Floresta Estadual do Antimary (AC). In: PM Drumond (ed.), Fauna do Acre (pp. 109–135). Rio Branco, Brazil: EDUFAC.Google Scholar
Cardillo, M, Mace, GM, Jones, KE, Bielby, J, Bininda-Emonds, ORP, Sechrest, W et al. (2005) Multiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species. Science 309: 1239–1241.Google ScholarPubMed
Carvalho, E, Pezzuti, J (2010) Hunting of jaguars and pumas in the Tapajós–Arapiuns Extractive Reserve, Brazilian Amazonia. Oryx 44: 610–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carvalho Junior, EAR (2008) Caçando onças na Reserva Extrativista Tapajós–Arapiuns. Relatório de atividades. Santarém, Brazil: ICMBio.Google Scholar
Caughley, G, Sinclair, AR (1994) Wildlife Ecology and Management. Cambridge, UK: Blackwell Science.Google Scholar
Constantino, PL, Fortini, LB, Kaxinawa, FRS, Kaxinawa, AM, Kaxinawa, ES, Kaxinawa, AP et al. (2008) Indigenous collaborative research for wildlife management in Amazonia: the case of the Kaxinawá, Acre, Brazil. Biological Conservation 141: 2718–2719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cronemberger, C, Ribeiro, KT, Acosta, RK, de Andrade, DFC, Marini-Filho, OJ, Masuda, LSM, Mendes, KR (2023) Social participation in the Brazilian National Biodiversity Monitoring Program leads to multiple socioenvironmental outcomes. Citizen Science: Theory and Practice 8: 32.Google Scholar
da Veiga, JE, Ehlers, E (2009) Diversidade biológica e dinamismo econômico no meio rural. In Economia do meio ambiente: teoria e prática (pp. 271–290). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Ed. Campus.Google Scholar
Danielsen, F, Eicken, H, Funder, M, Johnson, N, Lee, O, Theilade, I et al. (2022) Community monitoring of natural resource systems and the environment. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 47: 637–670.Google Scholar
Danielsen, F, Enghoff, M, Poulsen, MK, Funder, M, Jensen, PM, Burgess, ND (2021) The concept, practice, application, and results of locally based monitoring of the environment. BioScience 71: 484–502.Google ScholarPubMed
de Paula, MJ, Carvalho, EA, Lopes, CKM, de Alencar Sousa, R, Maciel, ELP, Wariss, M et al. (2022) Hunting sustainability within two eastern Amazon extractive reserves. Environmental Conservation 49: 90–98.Google Scholar
Dubost, G, Henry, O (2006) Comparison of diets of the acouchy, agouti and paca, the three largest terrestrial rodents of French Guianana forests. Journal of Tropical Ecology 22: 641–651.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Endo, W, Peres, CA, Salas, E, Mori, S, Sanchez-Vega, JL, Shepard, GH et al. (2010) Game vertebrate densities in hunted and nonhunted forest sites in Manu National Park, Peru. Biotropica 42: 251–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fragaszy, DM, Fedigan, L, Visalberghi, E (2004) The Complete Capuchin: The Biology of the Genus Cebus. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gelman, A, Shirley, K (2011) Inference from simulations and monitoring convergence. In: Brooks, S, Gelman, A, Jones, GL, Meng, XL (eds), Handbook of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (pp. 163–174). Boca Raton, FL, USA: Chapman & Hall/CRC Press.Google Scholar
Henry, O (1999) Frugivory and the importance of seeds in the diet of the orange-rumped agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) in French Guiana. Journal of Tropical Ecology 15: 291–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, CM (2000) Conflict of interest between people and baboons: crop raiding in Uganda. International Journal of Primatology 21: 299–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (1992) Manual técnico da vegetação brasileira. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: IBGE.Google Scholar
Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (2014) Plano de Manejo da Reserva Extrativista Tapajós–Arapiuns. Brasília, Brazil: ICMBio.Google Scholar
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Centro de Previsão de Tempo e Estudos Climáticos (2023) Precipitação diária 2023 [www document]. URL http://clima1.cptec.inpe.br/estacaochuvosa/pt Google Scholar
Instituto Socioambiental (2023) Unidades de Conservação no Brasil [www document]. URL https://uc.socioambiental.org/pt-br/arp/1353 Google Scholar
Iwamura, T, Lambin, EF, Silvius, KM, Luzar, JB, Fragoso, JM (2014) Agent-based modeling of hunting and subsistence agriculture on indigenous lands: understanding interactions between social and ecological systems. Environmental Modelling & Software 58: 109–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jerozolimski, A, Peres, CA (2003) Bringing home the biggest bacon: a cross-site analysis of the structure of hunter-kill profiles in Neotropical forests. Biological Conservation 111: 415–425.Google Scholar
Jorge, MLS (2008) Effects of forest fragmentation on two sister genera of Amazonian rodents (Myoprocta acouchy and Dasyprocta leporina). Biological Conservation 141: 617–623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kéry, M (2010) Introduction to WinBUGS for Ecologists: A Bayesian Approach to Regression, ANOVA, Mixed Models and Related Analyses. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Koerner, SE, Poulsen, JR, Blanchard, EJ, Okouyi, J, Clark, CJ (2017) Vertebrate community composition and diversity declines along a defaunation gradient radiating from rural villages in Gabon. Journal of Applied Ecology 54: 805–814.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebsch, D, Mikich, SB (2015) First record of Eucalyptus spp. bark-stripping by brown-capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus, Primates: Cebidae). Ciência Florestal 25: 501–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lima, D, Pozzobon, J (2005) Amazônia socioambiental: sustentabilidade ecológica e diversidade social. Estudos Avançados 19: 45–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacArthur, RH, Diamond, JM, Karr, JR (1972) Density compensation in island faunas. Ecology 53: 330–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayor, P, Pérez-Peña, P, Bowler, M, Puertas, PE, Kirkland, M, Bodmer, R (2015) Effects of selective logging on large mammal populations in a remote indigenous territory in the northern Peruvian Amazon. Ecology and Society 20: 36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mikich, SB, Liebsch, D (2009) O macaco-prego e os plantios de Pinus spp. Comunicado técnico. Embrapa Florestas 234: 1–5.Google Scholar
Montag, FFA, Prudente, BS, Ferreira, CP, Dutra, GM, Benone, NL, Barbosa, TAP, Ruffeil, TOB (2012) Ictiofauna na Reserva Extrativista Tapajós–Arapiuns, Estado do Pará, Brasil. Pará, Brazil: UFPA.Google Scholar
Naranjo, EJ, Bodmer, RE (2007) Source–sink systems and conservation of hunted ungulates in the Lacandon Forest, Mexico. Biological Conservation 138: 412–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Novaro, AJ, Redford, KH, Bodmer, RE (2000) Effect of hunting in source–sink systems in the Neotropics. Conservation Biology 14: 713–721.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohl-Schacherer, J, Shepard, GH Jr, Kaplan, H, Peres, CA, Levi, T, Yu, DW (2007) The sustainability of subsistence hunting by Matsigenka native communities in Manu National Park, Peru. Conservation Biology 21: 1174–1185.Google ScholarPubMed
Oliveira, ACM, Junior, OC, Chaves, R (2005) Gestão participativa e a atividade de caça na Reserva Extrativista do Tapajós–Arapiuns, Santarém, PA. Raízes 23: 42–51.Google Scholar
Peres, CA (1999) General guidelines for standardizing line-transect surveys of tropical forest primates. Neotropical Primates 7: 11–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peres, CA (2000) Effects of subsistence hunting on vertebrate community structure in Amazonian forests. Conservation Biology 14: 240–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peres, CA (2001) Synergistic effects of subsistence hunting and habitat fragmentation on Amazonian forest vertebrates. Conservation Biology 15: 1490–1505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peres, CA, Barlow, J, Haugaasen, T (2003) Vertebrate responses to surface wildfires in a central Amazonian forest. Oryx 37: 97–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peres, CA, Dolman, PM (2000) Density compensation in neotropical primate communities: evidence from 56 hunted and nonhunted Amazonian forests of varying productivity. Oecologia 122: 175–189.Google ScholarPubMed
Peres, CA, Nascimento, HS (2006) Impact of game hunting by the Kayapó of south-eastern Amazonia: implications for wildlife conservation in tropical forest Indigenous reserves. Human Exploitation and Biodiversity Conservation 15: 2627–2653.Google Scholar
Peres, CA, Palacios, E (2007) Basin-wide effects of game harvest on vertebrate population densities in Amazonian forests: implications for animal-mediated seed dispersal. Biotropica 39: 304–315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plummer, M (2015) JAGS version 4.0.0 user manual 0-41 [www document]. URL https://www.uvm.edu/~bbeckage/Teaching/PBIO_294/Manuals/manual.jags.pdf Google Scholar
QGIS Development Team (2017) QGIS Geographic Information System [www document]. URL https://qgis.org/en/site/ Google Scholar
R Core Development Team (2022) R: a language and environment for statistical computing [www document]. URL: https://www.r-project.org/ Google Scholar
Reis, YMS, Benchimol, M (2023) Effectiveness of community-based monitoring projects of terrestrial game fauna in the tropics: a global review. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 21: 172–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reis, YMS, Soares, CCM, Maduro, R, Spinola, JN, da Rocha, BD (2022) O padrão da caça de subsistência em uma reserva extrativista na Amazônia oriental, Brasil. Etnobiología 20: 18–26.Google Scholar
Reis, YMS, Valsecchi, J, Queiroz, H (2018) Caracterização do uso da fauna silvestre para subsistência em uma unidade de conservação no Oeste do Pará. Biodiversidade Brasileira 9: 187–202.Google Scholar
Ribeiro, KT (2018) Estratégia do Programa Nacional de Monitoramento da Biodiversidade – Programa Monitora: estrutura, articulações, perspectivas. Brasília, Brazil: ICMBio.Google Scholar
Robinson, JG, Redford, KH (1986) Body size, diet, and population density of Neotropical forest mammals. The American Naturalist 128: 665–680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosas, GKC (2006) Pressão de caça, abundância, densidade e riqueza de mamíferos em duas áreas de coleta de castanha-do-brasil situadas no sudoeste do estado do Acre, Brasil. Dissertation. Rio Branco, Brazil: Universidade Federal do Acre.Google Scholar
Royle, JA, Kéry, M (2007) A Bayesian state-space formulation of dynamic occupancy models. Ecology 88: 1813–1823.Google ScholarPubMed
Sampaio, R, Morato, RG, Royle, A, Abrahams, MI, Peres, CA, Chiarello, AG (2023) Vertebrate population changes induced by hunting in Amazonian sustainable-use protected areas. Biological Conservation 284: 110206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saúde & Alegria (2012) Mapeamentos Participativos e elaboração de Planos de Uso: uma experiência nas comunidades de Anã, Arimum, Atodi e Vila Amazonas nas margens do Rio Arapiuns [www document]. URL https://saudeealegria.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/PSA_CartilhaPlanoDeUso.pdf Google Scholar
Scabin, AB, Peres, CA (2021) Hunting pressure modulates the composition and size structure of terrestrial and arboreal vertebrates in Amazonian forests. Biodiversity and Conservation 30: 3613–3632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmeller, DS, Böhm, M, Arvanitidis, C, Barber-Meyer, S, Brummitt, N, Chandler, M et al. (2017) Building capacity in biodiversity monitoring at the global scale. Biodiversity and Conservation 26: 2765–2790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, MJS, Nascimento, BDC, Magalhães, LFR, Spínola, JN (2022) Histórico de criação e implementação da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós e da Reserva Extrativista Tapajós–Arapiuns. In: DFC Andrade, JN Spínola (eds), O Rio que nos une (pp. 205–216). Brasília, Brazil: ICMBio.Google Scholar
Silvius, KM, Fragoso, JV (2003) Red-rumped agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) home range use in an Amazonian forest: implications for the aggregated distribution of forest trees. Biotropica 35: 74–83.Google Scholar
Su, YS, Yajima, M (2012) R2jags: a package for running JAGS from R. R package version 0.03-08 [www document]. URL https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/R2jags/index.html Google Scholar
Terborgh, J, Peres, CA (2017) Do community-managed forests work? A biodiversity perspective. Land 6: 22.Google Scholar
Thiollay, JM (2005) Effects of hunting on Guianan forest game birds. Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 1121–1135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, L, Buckland, ST, Rexstad, EA, Laake, JL, Strindberg, S, Hedley, SL et al. (2010) Distance software: design and analysis of distance sampling surveys for estimating population size. Journal of Applied Ecology 47: 5–14.Google ScholarPubMed
Tomas, WM, Magnusson, W, Mourão, G, Bergallo, H, Linares, S, Crawshaw, P Jr et al. (2018). Meio século da proibição da caça no Brasil: consequências de uma política inadequada de gestão de vida selvagem. Biodiversidade Brasileira 8: 75–81.Google Scholar
Urquiza-Haas, T, Peres, CA, Dolman, PM (2009) Regional scale effects of human density and forest disturbance on large-bodied vertebrates throughout the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Biological Conservation 142: 134–148.Google Scholar
Urquiza-Haas, T, Peres, CA, Dolman, PM (2011) Large vertebrate responses to forest cover and hunting pressure in communal landholdings and protected areas of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Animal Conservation 14: 271–282.Google Scholar
Valsechi, JV (2013) Caça de animais silvestres nas reservas de desenvolvimento sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã. Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.Google Scholar
Veiga, JE, Ehlers, E (2009) Diversidade biológica e dinamismo econômico no meio rural. In: PH May (ed.), Economia do meio ambiente: teoria e prática (pp. 271–290). Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Ed. Campus.Google Scholar
Veloso, HP, Rangel-Filho, ALR, Lima, JCA (1991) Classificação da vegetação brasileira, adaptada a um sistema universal. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: IBGE.Google Scholar
Vetter, D, Hansbauer, M, Vegvari, Z, Storch, I (2011) Predictors of forest fragmentation sensitivity in Neotropical vertebrates: a quantitative review. Ecography 34: 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 1

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material
Download Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 1(File)
File 20.6 KB
Supplementary material: File

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 2

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material
Download Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 2(File)
File 24.3 KB
Supplementary material: File

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 3

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material
Download Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 3(File)
File 24.4 KB
Supplementary material: File

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 4

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material
Download Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 4(File)
File 27.6 KB
Supplementary material: File

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 5

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material
Download Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 5(File)
File 22.6 KB
Supplementary material: File

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 6

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material
Download Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 6(File)
File 28.1 KB
Supplementary material: File

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 7

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material
Download Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 7(File)
File 27.5 KB
Supplementary material: File

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 8

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material
Download Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 8(File)
File 24.3 KB
Supplementary material: File

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 9

Reis and Benchimol supplementary material
Download Reis and Benchimol supplementary material 9(File)
File 14.8 KB