This paper discusses some of the issues that, once resolved, may help child neurologists and pediatric neuroepidemiologists in their mutual understanding and collaborative efforts. Emphasis is placed on the all-too-frequent assumption that evidence-based medicine only covers the application of results from randomized double-blind trials in practice. A considerable proportion of child neurology concerns clinical diagnosis and etiological inference. Therefore, evidence-based child neurology might benefit not only from the therapeutic, but also from the diagnostic and etiological components of epidemiology.