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Trajectories of resilience among Chinese adolescents: Effects of gratitude and perceived stress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 August 2025

Rui Luo Open the ORCID record for Rui Luo [Opens in a new window] ,
Yun Wang ,
Yuhan Luo ,
Mengdi Qi ,
Zhengqian Yang ,
Zhaoyi Li  and
Fumei Chen Open the ORCID record for Fumei Chen [Opens in a new window]
Rui Luo
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
Yun Wang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
Yuhan Luo
Affiliation:
School of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
Mengdi Qi
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
Zhengqian Yang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
Zhaoyi Li
Affiliation:
Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
Fumei Chen*
Affiliation:
Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
*
Corresponding author: Fumei Chen; Email: chenfumei@bnu.edu.cn
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Abstract

To fully understand resilience and to inform resilience-promoting interventions, it is important to explore how resilience develops and the factors that influence it. Using a multidimensional approach that considers both well-being resilience (higher than expected wellbeing after adversity) and depression resilience (lower than expected depression after adversity), this study examined resilience trajectories among Chinese 0adolescents and the associations of gratitude and perceived stress with resilience trajectories. Data from a four-wave longitudinal study were analyzed from 563 Chinese adolescents (mean age at Time 1 = 12.83 years, 51.87% boys). Parallel-process latent class growth modeling identified four distinct trajectories of resilience development: flourishing resilience (increasing resilience; 21.67%), increasing wellbeing resilience but decreasing depression resilience (28.24%), declining resilience (29.48%), and increasing depression resilience but decreasing wellbeing resilience (20.61%). Gratitude was associated with greater odds of being in the flourishing resilience group. Furthermore, perceived stress was associated with lower odds of being in the flourishing resilience group and higher odds of being in the declining resilience group. The findings suggest that resilience is a dynamic and multidimensional construct with highly heterogeneous developmental trajectories. Gratitude and perceived stress may be effective targets for interventions to enhance adolescent resilience.

Keywords

Developmental trajectorygratitudeperceived stressresilienceresidual approach

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Development and Psychopathology , First View , pp. 1 - 12
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© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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