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Maternal sensitivity buffers the adrenocortical implications of intimate partner violence exposure during early childhood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 April 2011

Leah C. Hibel ,
Douglas A. Granger ,
Clancy Blair  and
Martha J. Cox
Leah C. Hibel*
Affiliation:
Purdue University
Douglas A. Granger
Affiliation:
Johns Hopkins University
Clancy Blair
Affiliation:
New York University
Martha J. Cox
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Leah C. Hibel, Department of Child Development and Family Studies, 101 Gates Road, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906; E-mail: Hibel@purdue.edu.
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Abstract

This study prospectively examined the effect of intimate partner violence (IPV) on adrenocortical reactivity and recovery during early childhood. The sample (n = 1102 mother–infant dyads; 49.2% male) was racially diverse and from predominantly low-income, rural communities. To measure IPV exposure mothers completed the Conflicts Tactics Scale, and her caretaking behaviors were observed when her child was approximately 7, 15, and 24 months of age. Children's saliva samples, later assayed for cortisol, were collected around challenge tasks designed to elicit emotional reactivity. IPV was related to a trajectory of increased cortisol reactivity from infancy to toddlerhood. By contrast, the trajectory for non-IPV-exposed children decreased in cortisol reactivity across 7 to 24 months of age. At the 24-month assessment, on average, toddlers did not exhibit a cortisol reaction; however, those exposed to high levels of violence continued to have reactivity. Accumulative levels of IPV across the first 2 years of life predicted cortisol reactivity at 24 months of age. Early (7-month) sensitive maternal behavior moderated this relationship, so that only children exposed to both early insensitivity and high accumulated IPV exhibited increased reactivity at the 24-month assessment. Findings are discussed in relation to the risky family framework.

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Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , May 2011 , pp. 689 - 701
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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