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Longitudinal associations between inhibitory control and externalizing and internalizing symptoms in school-aged children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2020

Katri Maasalo Open the ORCID record for Katri Maasalo [Opens in a new window] ,
Jallu Lindblom ,
Olli Kiviruusu ,
Päivi Santalahti  and
Eeva T. Aronen
Katri Maasalo*
Affiliation:
Division of Child Psychiatry, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Laboratory of Developmental Psychopathology, Helsinki Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Jallu Lindblom
Affiliation:
Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Olli Kiviruusu
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Päivi Santalahti
Affiliation:
Division of Child Psychiatry, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Eeva T. Aronen
Affiliation:
Division of Child Psychiatry, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Laboratory of Developmental Psychopathology, Helsinki Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
*
Author for correspondence: Katri Maasalo, Biomedicum Helsinki 2, PL 20, 00014 Helsingin yliopisto, Finland; E-mail: katri.maasalo@helsinki.fi.
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Abstract

Inhibitory control (IC) deficits have been associated with psychiatric symptoms in all ages. However, longitudinal studies testing the direction of the associations in childhood are scarce. We used a sample of 2,874 children (7 to 9 years old) to test the following three hypotheses: (a) IC deficits are an underlying risk factor with a potentially causal role for psychopathology, (b) IC deficits are a complication of psychopathology, and (c) IC deficits and psychopathology are associated at the trait level but not necessarily causally related. We used the go/no-go task to assess IC, the parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to evaluate externalizing/internalizing symptoms, and the random intercepts cross-lagged panel model to test the hypotheses. The results showed no support for the underlying risk factor hypothesis, suggesting that IC unlikely has a causal role in this age group's psychopathology. The complication hypothesis received support for externalizing symptoms, suggesting that externalizing symptoms may hamper the normal development of IC. IC deficits and both externalizing and internalizing symptoms were correlated at the trait level, indicating a possible common origin. We suggest that it may be useful to support children with externalizing symptoms to promote and protect their IC development.

Keywords

externalizinggo/no-goinhibitioninternalizingrandom intercepts cross-lagged panel model

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Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , August 2021 , pp. 843 - 855
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

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