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Childhood maltreatment affects adolescent sensitivity to parenting and close friendships in predicting growth in externalizing behavior

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 September 2018

Irene Tung ,
Amanda N. Noroña  and
Steve S. Lee
Irene Tung*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
Amanda N. Noroña
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
Steve S. Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
*
Author for correspondence: Irene Tung, Department of Psychology, UCLA, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563; E-mail: itung@ucla.edu
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Abstract

Childhood maltreatment robustly predicts adolescent externalizing behaviors (EB; e.g., violence, delinquency, substance use) and may crystalize patterns of EB by influencing sensitivity to the social environment (e.g., parenting, friendships). In a nationally representative sample of 9,421 adolescents, we modeled latent growth curves of EB from age 13 to 32 years. Next, we explored whether maltreated youth differed from nonmaltreated youth in their sensitivity to parental closeness, friendship involvement, and polymorphisms from dopamine genes linked to EB (dopamine receptors D2 and D4, dopamine transporter). Overall, maltreated youth had significantly higher levels of EB across adolescence and adulthood; however, maltreated and nonmaltreated youth showed similar patterns of EB change over time: violent behavior decreased in adolescence before stabilizing in adulthood, whereas nonviolent delinquency and substance use increased in adolescence before decreasing in the transition to adulthood. Maltreatment reduced sensitivity to parental closeness and friendship involvement, although patterns varied based on type of EB outcome. Finally, none of the environmental effects on EB were significantly moderated by the dopamine polygenic risk score after accounting for multiple testing. These findings underline the enduring effects of early maltreatment and implicate that maltreatment may contribute to long-term risk for EB by influencing children's sensitivity to social relationship factors in adolescence.

Keywords

adolescent developmentchildhood maltreatmentenvironmental sensitivityexternalizing behavior
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 31 , Issue 4 , October 2019 , pp. 1237 - 1253
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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