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Associations of neighborhood threat and deprivation with psychopathology: Uncovering neural mechanisms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 June 2025

Teresa G. Vargas Open the ORCID record for Teresa G. Vargas [Opens in a new window] ,
Divyangana Rakesh Open the ORCID record for Divyangana Rakesh [Opens in a new window]  and
Katie A. McLaughlin
Teresa G. Vargas*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
Divyangana Rakesh
Affiliation:
Neuroimaging Department, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
Katie A. McLaughlin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA The Ballmer Institute for Children’s Behavioral Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
*
Corresponding author: Teresa G. Vargas; email: teresavargas@u.northwestern.edu.
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Abstract

Background:

Assessing dimensions of neighborhoods could aid identification of contextual features that influence psychopathology in children and contribute to uncovering mechanisms underlying these associations.

Method:

The ABCD sample included 8,339 participants aged 9–10 from 21 U.S. sites. Mixed effect and structural equation models estimated associations of self-reported neighborhood threat/safety and county-level neighborhood threat (i.e., crime) and tract-level deprivation with psychopathology symptoms and indirect effects. Hypothesized mechanisms included emotion processing (adaptation to emotional conflict, task-active ROIs for emotional n-back) and cognition (EF and task-active ROIs for the stop-signal task); exploratory analyses included neural function (of amygdala to network and within-network resting state connectivity).

Results:

Associations of neighborhood deprivation and all symptoms were mediated by EF; links with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) were mediated by retrosplenial temporal and dorsal attention within-network connectivity. In contrast, neighborhood threat was associated with attention difficulties, internalizing problems, and PLEs uniquely via default mode within-network connectivity; with attention difficulties, externalizing symptoms, and PLEs through amygdala-dorsal attention within-network connectivity, with PLEs and externalizing symptoms through visual within-network connectivity; with PLEs and attention difficulties through amygdala-sensorimotor connectivity, and with PLEs through amygdala-salience network connectivity.

Conclusion:

Neighborhood deprivation and threat predicted symptoms through distinct neural and cognitive pathways, with implications for prevention and intervention efforts at contextual levels.

Keywords

braindeprivationdevelopmentneighborhoodthreat

Information

Type
Regular Article
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Development and Psychopathology , First View , pp. 1 - 15
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© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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