Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 February 2004
Development policies are commonly regarded as a phenomenon of the post-Second World War era. This essay looks at the historical antecedents of European development efforts and analyses the determining interests that motivated development policy in the twentieth century. The regional focus on south-east Asia allows for a differentiated appreciation of national approaches to European development policies. It shows that the legitimation of control and the securing of interests–security and economic interests, as well as notions of national prestige–are among the driving forces behind development policies. It also suggests that development policies were multifunctional from their inception.The author wishes to thank Heide-Irene Schmidt and Helge Pharo, the contributors to a workshop on early European development aid (held in Bochum, March 2003), as well as Jost Dülffer, Ruth Jachertz and Philipp Janssen for invaluable comments.
On voit généralement les politiques de développement comme un phénomène de l'après-guerre, thèse contredite dans cet article qui porte sur les antécédents historiques de l'effort européen en analysant les intérêts qui ont motivé les politiques de développement au cours du XXe siècle. En adoptant une perspective régionale, visant le sud-est asiatique, l'auteur a pu distinguer entre les différentes attitudes nationales envers les politiques de développement. Celles-ci étaient inspirées en général par le souci de légitimer la domination européenne et de sauvegarder les intérêts nationaux–la sécurité, les avantages économiques–aussi bien que d'assurer le prestige national. L'auteur conclut que les politiques de développement ont été multifonctionnelles dès le début.
Entwicklungspolitik bzw. Entwicklungshilfe wird allgemein als ein Phänomen der Zeit nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg betrachtet. Dieser Aufsatz verweist auf historische Vorläufer und verdeutlicht die Interessen, die europäischer Entwicklungspolitik im 20. Jahrhundert zugrunde lagen. Die regionale Konzentration auf Südostasien ermöglicht die Herausarbeitung nationaler Unterschiede europäischer Entwicklungspolitik und zeigt, dass Legitimation von Herrschaft, Einflusssicherung, Sicherheits- und Wirtschaftsinteressen sowie nationale Prestigevorstellungen dominierende Motive für Entwicklungspolitik waren. Entwicklungspolitik war damit zugleich von Beginn an multifunktional.
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