Hostname: page-component-6bb9c88b65-6scc2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-07-24T01:25:38.717Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Removal of Heavy Metals from Waste Waters by Natural and Na-Exchanged Bentonites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

E. Álvarez-Ayuso  and
A. García-Sánchez
E. Álvarez-Ayuso
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Geochemistry, IRNASA, CSIC, Apto 257, Salamanca, Spain
A. García-Sánchez*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Geochemistry, IRNASA, CSIC, Apto 257, Salamanca, Spain
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: misfis@gugu.usal.es
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Batch sorption studies of Cr(III), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) were conducted on Ca-bentonite and Na-bentonite to determine their retention capacities for these metal cations commonly present in the waste waters of galvanic industries. The Langmuir model was found to describe the sorption process well, offering maximum sorption capacities of 44.4 mg Cr/g, 6.32 mg Ni/g, 5.75 mg Zn/g, 7.72 mg Cu/g, 7.28 mg Cd/g on Ca-bentonite and 49.8 mg Cr/g, 24.2 mg Ni/g, 23.1 mg Zn/g, 30.0 mg Cu/g, 26.2 mg Cd/g on Na-bentonite. The use of Na-bentonite in the purification of waste waters from Ni, Cr and acid-Zn electroplating processes was an effective treatment in small-scale and in semi-industrial-scale tests. This proves the worth of this method as an alternative to existing methods. In contrast, Nabentonite was not effective in Zn sorption from cyanide-containing waste waters.

Keywords

BentoniteHeavy MetalsPurificationSorptionWaste Waters

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 51 , Issue 5 , October 2003 , pp. 475 - 480
Copyright
Copyright © 2003, The Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Asher, L.E. and Bar-Yosef, B., (1982) Effects of pyrophosphate, EDTA and DTPA on zinc sorption by montmorillonite Soil Science Society of America Journal 46 271–276 10.2136/sssaj1982.03615995004600020011x.10.2136/sssaj1982.03615995004600020011xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bingham, F.T. Page, A.L. and Simms, J.R., (1964) Retention of Cu and Zn by H-montmorillonite Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 28 351–354 10.2136/sssaj1964.03615995002800030015x.10.2136/sssaj1964.03615995002800030015xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brigatti, M.F. Corradini, F. Franchini, G.C. Mazzoni, S. Medici, L. and Poppi, L., (1995) Interaction between montmorillonite and pollutants from industrial wastewaters: exchange of Zn2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solutions Applied Clay Science 9 383–385 10.1016/0169-1317(94)00027-N.10.1016/0169-1317(94)00027-NCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Celis, R. Hermosín, M.C. and Cornejo, J., (2000) Heavy metal adsorption by functionalized clays Environmental Science and Technology 34 4593–4599 10.1021/es000013c.10.1021/es000013cCrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Boodt, M.F., Bolt, G.H. De Boodt, M.F. Hayes, M.H.B. and McBride, M.B., (1991) Application of the sorption theory to eliminate heavy metals from waste waters and contaminated soils Interactions at the Soil Colloid-Soil Solution Interface Dordrecht, The Netherlands Kluwer Academic Publishers 293–320 10.1007/978-94-017-1909-4_10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egozy, Y., (1980) Adsorption of cadmium and cobalt on montmorillonite as a function of solution composition Clays and Clay Minerals 4 311–318 10.1346/CCMN.1980.0280410.10.1346/CCMN.1980.0280410CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrah, H. and Pickering, W.F., (1976) The sorption of copper species by clays: II. Illite and montmorillonite Australian Journal ofChemistry 29 1177–1184 10.1071/CH9761177.10.1071/CH9761177CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrah, H. and Pickering, W.F., (1976) The sorption of zinc species by clay minerals Australian Journal of Chemistry 29 1649–1656 10.1071/CH9761649.10.1071/CH9761649CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrah, H. and Pickering, W.F., (1977) The sorption of lead and cadmium species by clay minerals Australian Journal of Chemistry 30 1417–1422 10.1071/CH9771417.10.1071/CH9771417CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia Miragaya, J. and Page, A.L., (1976) Influence of ionic strength and inorganic complex formation on the sorption of trace amounts of Cd by montmorillonite Soil Science Society ofAmerica Journal 40 658–663 10.2136/sssaj1976.03615995004000050019x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garcia Miragaya, J. and Page, A.L., (1977) Influence of exchangeable cation on the sorption of trace amounts of cadmium by montmorillonite Soil Science Society of America Journal 41 718–721 10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100040020x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffin, R.A. and Au, A.K., (1977) Lead adsorption by montmorillonite using a competitive Langmuir equation Soil Science Society of America Journal 41 880–882 10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100050013x.10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100050013xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grim, R.E., (1953) Clay Mineralogy London McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd. 10.1097/00010694-195310000-00009.10.1097/00010694-195310000-00009CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirsch, D. Nir, S. and Banin, A., (1989) Prediction of cadmium complexation in solution and adsorption to montmorillonite Soil Science Society of America Journal 53 716–721 10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300030012x.10.2136/sssaj1989.03615995005300030012xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgson, J.F., (1960) Cobalt reactions with montmorillonite Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 24 165–168 10.2136/sssaj1960.03615995002400030013x.10.2136/sssaj1960.03615995002400030013xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inskeep, W.P. and Baham, J., (1983) Adsorption of Cd(II) and Cu(II) by Na-montmorillonite at low surface coverage Soil Science Society of America Journal 47 660–665 10.2136/sssaj1983.03615995004700040011x.10.2136/sssaj1983.03615995004700040011xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Islam, AKME and Lotse, E.G., (1986) Quantitative mineralogical analysis of some Bangladesh soils with X-ray, ion exchange and selective dissolution techniques Clay Minerals 21 31–42 10.1180/claymin.1986.021.1.03.10.1180/claymin.1986.021.1.03CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lothenbach, B. Furrer, G. and Schulin, R., (1997) Immobilization of heavy metals by polynuclear aluminium and montmorillonite compounds Environmental Science and Technology 31 1452–1462 10.1021/es960697h.10.1021/es960697hCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcus, Y., (1991) Thermodynamics of solvation of ions. Part 5 — Gibbs free energy ofhydration at 298.15 K Journal of the Chemical Society Faraday Transactions 87 2995–2999 10.1039/FT9918702995.10.1039/FT9918702995CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthes, W. Madsen, F.T. and Kahr, G., (1999) Sorption of heavy-metal cations by Al and Zr-hydroxy-intercalated and pillared bentonite Clays and Clay Minerals 47 617–629 10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470508.10.1346/CCMN.1999.0470508CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McBride, M.B., (1979) Soil Science Society of America Journal 43 693–698 10.2136/sssaj1979.03615995004300040013x.10.2136/sssaj1979.03615995004300040013xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
McBride, M.B., (1980) Chemisorption of Cd2+ on calcite surfaces Soil Science Society of America Journal 44 26–28 10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400010006x.10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400010006xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
McBride, M.B., (1980) Interpretation of the variability of selectivity coefficients for exchange between ions of unequal charge on smectites Clays and Clay Minerals 28 255–261 10.1346/CCMN.1980.0280402.10.1346/CCMN.1980.0280402CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McBride, M.B., (1994) Environmental Chemistry of Soils New York Oxford University Press, Inc..Google Scholar
Menzel, R.G. and Jackson, M.L., (1950) Mechanism of sorption of hydroxy cupric ion by clays Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 15 122–124 10.2136/sssaj1951.036159950015000C0025x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mercier, L. and Detellier, C., (1995) Preparation, characterization, and applications of heavy metals sorbents of covalently grafted thiol functionalities on the interlamellar surface of montmorillonite Environmental Science and Technology 29 1318–1323 10.1021/es00005a026.10.1021/es00005a026CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, J.L. and Melsted, S.W., (1955) The chemistry of zinc added to soils and clays Soil Science Society ofAmerica Proceedings 19 439–443 10.2136/sssaj1955.03615995001900040012x.10.2136/sssaj1955.03615995001900040012xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papadopoulos, P. and Rowell, D.L., (1988) The reactions of cadmium with calcium carbonate surfaces Journal of Soil Science 39 23–35 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1988.tb01191.x.10.1111/j.1365-2389.1988.tb01191.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Papadopoulos, P. and Rowell, D.L., (1989) The reactions of copper and zinc with calcium carbonate surfaces Journal of Soil Science 40 39–48 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1989.tb01252.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peigneur, P. Maes, A. and Cremers, A., (1975) Heterogeneity of charge density distribution in montmorillonite as inferred from cobalt adsorption Clays and Clay Minerals 23 71–75 10.1346/CCMN.1975.0230110.10.1346/CCMN.1975.0230110CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puls, R.W. and Bohn, H.L., (1988) Sorption of cadmium, nickel, and zinc by kaolinite and montmorillonite suspens ions Soil Science Society of America Journal 52 1289–1292 10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200050013x.10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200050013xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Real Decreto 849/1986, de 11 de abril, por el que se aprueba el reglamento del Dominio Público Hidráulico, que desarrolla los Títulos Preliminar, I, IV, V, VI y VII de la Ley 29/1985, de 2 de agosto, de Aguas. B.O.E. num. 130, de 30/4/1986.Google Scholar
Schultz, L.G. (1965) Quantitative interpretation of mineralogical composition from X-ray and chemical data for the Pierre Shale. US Geological Survey, Professional Paper, 391-C.10.3133/pp391CCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, W.F. and Gieseking, J.E., (1954) Cobalt adsorption and release in cation-exchange systems Soil Science 78 267–276 10.1097/00010694-195410000-00003.10.1097/00010694-195410000-00003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sposito, G.A., (1986) On distinguishing adsorption from surface precipitation Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces 323 217–228 10.1021/bk-1987-0323.ch011.10.1021/bk-1987-0323.ch011CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tan, K.H., (1996) Soil Sampling, Preparation and Analysis New York Marcel Dekker Inc..Google Scholar
Tiller, K.G. and Hodgson, J.F., (1962) The specific sorption of cobalt and zinc by layer silicates Clays and Clay Minerals 9 393–403 10.1346/CCMN.1960.0090126.10.1016/B978-1-4831-9842-2.50029-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Raij, B. and Peech, M., (1972) Electrochemical properties of some oxisols and alfisols of the tropics Soil Science Society of America Proceedings 36 587–593 10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600040027x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zachara, J.M. Smith, S.C. Resch, C.T. and Cowan, C.E., (1992) Cadmium sorption to soil separates containing layer silicates and iron and aluminium oxides Soil Science Society ofAmerica Journal 56 1074–1084 10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600040012x.10.2136/sssaj1992.03615995005600040012xCrossRefGoogle Scholar