Hostname: page-component-cb9f654ff-h4f6x Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-08-31T00:43:47.865Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Properties of Hydroxy-Al and -Cr Interlayers in Montmorillonite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

W. E. Dubbin ,
Tee Boon Goh ,
D. W. Oscarson  and
F. C. Hawthorne
W. E. Dubbin
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Tee Boon Goh
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
D. W. Oscarson
Affiliation:
AECL Research, Whiteshell Laboratories, Pinawa, Manitoba, Canada
F. C. Hawthorne
Affiliation:
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In environments contaminated with Cr, the interlayers of expandable layer silicates may serve as sinks for this potentially toxic element. As a means of determining the potential for smectites to serve as sinks for Cr, the precipitation products of Al and Cr in the interlayers of a montmorillonite were examined. Five montmorillonite (SWy-1) clay suspensions were treated with preweighed amounts of AlCl3 and CrCl3 to give five Al/(Al + Cr) molar ratios (1.0, 0.67, 0.5, 0.33, 0) with a total trivalent cation (M3+) concentration of 600 cmol(+)/kg clay. The clay-cation suspensions were titrated with 0.1 N NaOH to give a NaOH/M3+ molar ratio of 2.5. Analysis of the solid-phase reaction products showed that the cation exchange capacity and specific surface of all clays were reduced. Chromium reduced the exchangeability of the interlayers while Al increased the thermal stability. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all Al-containing interlayer materials formed similar gibbsitelike polymers. Data from infrared spectroscopy indicated that both Al and Cr were present within the same polymer. Differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric tracings showed that the rapid collapse of the interlayer in the Cr end-member upon heating was due to a low-temperature loss of hydroxyls. It was not possible to identify all interlayer structures in the Cr end-member. Data from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed all Cr to be Cr(III). Displacement of the interlayer material became more difficult as Cr content increased. The least exchangeable interlayers, therefore, may be found in environments containing the most Cr.

Keywords

AluminumChromiumInterlayeringMontmorilloniteXPS

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , June 1994 , pp. 331 - 336
Copyright
Copyright © 1994, Clay Minerals Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Ahlrichs, J. L., (1968) Hydroxyl stretching frequencies of synthetic Ni-, Al-, and Mg-hydroxy interlayers in expanding clays: Clays & Clay Minerals 16, 63–71.10.1346/CCMN.1968.0160108CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baes, C. F., and Mesmer, R. E., (1976) The Hydrolysis of Cations: John Wiley & Sons, New York, 489 pp.Google Scholar
Barnhisel, R. I., and Bertsch, P. M., (1989) Chlorites and hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite and smectite: in Minerals in Soil Environments: 2nd ed., J. B. Dixon and S. B. Weed, eds., Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, 729–788.Google Scholar
Bartlett, R. J., and Kimble, J. M., (1976) Behavior of chromium in soils: I. Trivalent forms: J. Environ. Qual. 5, 379–383.10.2134/jeq1976.00472425000500040009xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brindley, G. W., and Yamanaka, S., (1979) A study of hydroxy-chromium montmorillonites and the form of the hydroxy-chromium polymers: Amer. Mineral. 64, 830–835.Google Scholar
Carr, R. M., (1985) Hydration states of interlamellar chromium ions in montmorillonite: Clays & Clay Minerals 33, 357–361.10.1346/CCMN.1985.0330413CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrado, K. A., Suib, S. L., Skoularikis, N. D., and Coughlin, R. W., (1986) Chromium (III)-doped pillared clays (PILC's): Inorg. Chem. 25, 4217–4221.10.1021/ic00243a031CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carstea, D. D., Harward, M. E., and Knox, E. G., (1970) Comparison of iron and aluminum hydroxy interlayers in montmorillonite and vermiculite: I. Formation: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 34, 517–521.10.2136/sssaj1970.03615995003400030043xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, D. L., Mortland, M. M., and Kemper, W. D., (1986) Specific surface: in Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1, 2nd ed., Klute, A., ed., Agronomy Society of America and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, 413–423.Google Scholar
Cotton, F. A., and Wilkinson, G., (1988) Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: 5th ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1455 pp.Google Scholar
Drljaca, A., Anderson, J. R., Spiccia, L., and Turney, T. W., (1992) Intercalation of montmorillonite with individual chromium (III) hydrolytic oligomers: Inorg. Chem. 31, 4894–4897.10.1021/ic00049a033CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farmer, V. C., and Russell, J. D., (1967) Infrared absorption spectrometry in clay studies: Clays & Clay Minerals 15, 121–141.10.1346/CCMN.1967.0150112CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fripiat, J. J., (1988) High resolution solid state NMR study of pillared clays: Catalysis Today 2, 281–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glenn, R. C., and Nash, V. E., (1964) Weathering relationships between gibbsite, kaolinite, chlorite and expansible layer silicates in selected soils from the lower Mississippi coastal plain: Clays & Clay Minerals 12, 529–548.Google Scholar
Goh, T. B., and Huang, P. M., (1986) Influence of citric and tannic acids on hydroxy-Al interlayering in montmorillonite: Clays & Clay Minerals 34, 37–44.10.1346/CCMN.1986.0340105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hochella, M. F., (1988) Auger electron and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopies: in Spectroscopic Methods in Mineralogy and Geology, Hawthorne, F. C., ed., Reviews in Mineralogy 18, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington, 573–637.10.1515/9781501508974-015CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, P. H., (1989) Aluminum hydroxides and oxyhydroxides: in Minerals in Soil Environments: 2nd ed., J. B. Dixon and S. W. Weed, eds., Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, 331–378.Google Scholar
Martin-Luengo, M. A., Martins-Carvalho, H., Ladriere, J., and Grange, P., (1989) Fe(III)-pillared montmorillonites: preparation and characterization: Clay Miner. 24, 495–504.10.1180/claymin.1989.024.3.03CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mengel, K., and Kirkby, E. A., (1987) Principles of Plant Nutrition: 4th ed., International Potash Institute, Bern, Switzerland, 687 pp.Google Scholar
Occelli, M. L., and Tindwa, R. M., (1983) Physicochemical properties of montmorillonite interlayered with cationic oxyaluminum pillars: Clays & Clay Minerals 31, 22–28.10.1346/CCMN.1983.0310104CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinnavaia, T. J., Tzou, M.-S., Landau, S. D., and Raythatha, R. H., (1984) On the pillaring and delamination of smectite clay catalysts by polyoxo cations of aluminum: J. Mol. Catal. 27, 195–212.10.1016/0304-5102(84)85080-4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plee, D., Borg, L., Gatineau, L., and Fripiat, J. J., (1985) High resolution solid state 27Al and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance study of pillared clay: J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 107, 2362–2369.10.1021/ja00294a028CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rich, C. I., (1961) Calcium determination for cation exchange capacity measurements: Soil Sci. 92, 226–231.10.1097/00010694-196110000-00002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rich, C. I., (1968) Hydroxy interlayers in expansible layer silicates: Clays & Clay Minerals 16, 15–30.10.1346/CCMN.1968.0160104CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schutz, A., Stone, W. E. E., Poncelet, G., and Fripiat, J. J., (1987) Preparation and characterization of bidimensional zeolitic structures obtained from synthetic beidellite and hydroxy-aluminum solutions: Clays & Clay Minerals 35, 251–261.10.1346/CCMN.1987.0350402CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tan, K. H., Hajek, B. F., and Barshad, I., (1986) Thermal analysis techniques: in Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1, 2nd ed., Klute, A., ed., Agronomy Society of America and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, 151–183.Google Scholar
Weismiller, R. A., Ahlrichs, J. L., and White, J. L., (1967) Infrared studies of hydroxy aluminum interlayer material: Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 31, 459–463.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamanaka, S., and Brindley, G. W., (1978) Hydroxy-nickel interlayering in montmorillonite by titration method: Clays & Clay Minerals 26, 21–24.10.1346/CCMN.1978.0260102CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yamanaka, S., and Brindley, G. W., (1979) High surface area solids obtained by reaction of montmorillonite with zirconyl chloride: Clays & Clay Minerals 27, 119–124.10.1346/CCMN.1979.0270207CrossRefGoogle Scholar