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Sustainable approach to raw clays for ceramic and refractory applications: insights from updated traditional ternary diagrams

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 September 2024

Milica V. Vasić Open the ORCID record for Milica V. Vasić [Opens in a new window] ,
Pedro Muñoz Velasco ,
Nevenka Mijatović ,
Milena Radormirović Open the ORCID record for Milena Radormirović [Opens in a new window]  and
Zagorka Radojević Open the ORCID record for Zagorka Radojević [Opens in a new window]
Milica V. Vasić*
Affiliation:
Institute for Testing of Materials IMS, Belgrade, Serbia
Pedro Muñoz Velasco
Affiliation:
ESIT, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
Nevenka Mijatović
Affiliation:
Institute for Testing of Materials IMS, Belgrade, Serbia
Milena Radormirović
Affiliation:
Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Zagorka Radojević
Affiliation:
Institute for Testing of Materials IMS, Belgrade, Serbia
*
Corresponding author: Milica V. Vasić; Email: milica.vasic@institutims.rs
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Abstract

The study analysed 93 samples from four Serbian clay deposits to determine their suitability for ceramics production. The samples were mainly composed of illite and kaolinite. Ternary diagrams were used to classify the samples and evaluate their applicability. Winkler's diagrams, ternary graphs and mineralogical compositions were analysed. The results showed a broader area in these graphs than previously determined for structural ceramics, as well as the potential of these clays for ceramic production. The study used dry-milled, hydraulically semi-dry, pressed and fired samples to assess water absorption and flexural strength and statistical analysis to determine the key parameters influencing final product quality, including that of refractory, wall and floor tiles. This paper evaluates the raw clay materials’ applicability in ceramic production, promoting sustainable use through rapid initial tests, energy savings through dry milling and ecologically sound principles through resource-efficient evaluation.

Keywords

Ceramic tilesillitekaoliniteraw clayrefractory tilesternary graphs
Type
Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 59 , Issue 3 , September 2024 , pp. 202 - 212
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Mineralogical Society of the United Kingdom and Ireland

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Michele Dondi

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