Hostname: page-component-7857688df4-vhqbq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-11-18T22:50:04.849Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

PARASITOIDS OF A LOOPER COMPLEX (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) IN WEST VIRGINIA1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Linda Butler
Linda Butler
Affiliation:
Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, PO Box 6108, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA 26506–6108
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

From 1981 to 1984, a “looper” complex was responsible for the defoliation of approximately 648 000 ha of hardwood forests in several counties of eastern West Virginia. The complex consisted primarily of four species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with larval composition at three study sites in 1983 ranging from 77 to 94% for the half-wing geometer, Phigalia titea (Cramer); 2-13% for the linden looper, Erannis tiliaria (Harris); 8% for Phigalia strigataria (Minot); and 1–2% for the fall cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria (Harris) (Butler 1985a, 1985b, 1986).

Information

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 122 , Issue 5 , October 1990 , pp. 1041 - 1043
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Arnaud, P.H. Jr., 1978. A host–parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). U.S.D.A. S.E.A. Misc. Publ. 1319. 860 pp.Google Scholar
Butler, L. 1985 a. Biology of the half-wing geometer, Phigalia titea Cramer (Geometridae), as a member of a looper complex in West Virginia. J. Lepid. Soc. 39: 177–186.Google Scholar
Butler, L. 1985 b. Food plant studies for the half-wing geometer, Phigalia titea (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Can. Ent. 117: 547–551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, L. 1986. Biology and description of immature stages of Phigalia stragataria (Minot) (Geometridae). J. Lepid. Soc. 40: 289–297.Google Scholar
Raizenne, H. 1952. Forest Lepidoptera of Southern Ontario and their parasites received and reared at the Ottawa Forest Insect Survey Laboratory from 1937 to 1948. Canada Dept. Agric. Sci. Serv., Div. Forest Biol. 277 pp.Google Scholar
Schaffner, J.V. Jr., and Griswold, C.L.. 1934. Macrolepidoptera and their parasites reared from field collections in the northeastern part of the United States. U.S.D.A. Misc. Publ. 188: 1–160.Google Scholar
Talerico, R.L. 1968. Life history of the looper Phigalia titea in Virginia. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 61: 557–561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar