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Current status of invasive alien birch-leafmining sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Canada, with keys to species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Scott C. Digweed ,
Chris J.K. MacQuarrie ,
David W. Langor ,
Daryl J.M. Williams ,
John R. Spence ,
Kathryn L. Nystrom  and
Louis Morneau
Scott C. Digweed
Affiliation:
Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320 – 122 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5
Chris J.K. MacQuarrie
Affiliation:
Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320 – 122 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5, and Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H1
David W. Langor*
Affiliation:
Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320 – 122 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5
Daryl J.M. Williams
Affiliation:
Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320 – 122 Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5
John R. Spence
Affiliation:
Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H1
Kathryn L. Nystrom
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street E, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
Louis Morneau
Affiliation:
Service des Relevés et des diagnostics, Direction de l'environnement et de la protection des forêts, Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune, local D.2.370a, 2700 rue Einstein, Québec, Québec, Canada G1P 3W8
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: dlangor@nrcan.gc.ca).
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Abstract

In the 20th century, five species of birch-leafmining sawflies were inadvertently introduced from Europe to North America: Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fallén), Fenusa pumila Leach, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow), Fenusella nana (Klug), and Scolioneura vicina Konow. All have been recorded at outbreak levels in North America, and three (F. pumila, P. thomsoni, and H. nemoratus) have been the targets of successful biological control programs. The most recently detected species, F. nana and S. vicina, are good candidates for future biological control in Canada. We review the biology of all five of these birch-leafmining sawflies in North America and present keys to adults, larvae, and mines to aid correct identification.

Résumé

Au cours du dernier siècle, cinq espèces de tenthrèdes mineuses du bouleau ont été introduites involontairement d’Europe en Amérique du Nord: Heterarthrus nemoratus (Fallén), Fenusa pumila Leach, Profenusa thomsoni (Konow), Fenusella nana (Klug) et Scolioneura vicina Konow. Elles ont toutes été rapportées à des niveaux épidémiques en Amérique du Nord et trois de ces espèces (F. pumila, P. thomsoni et H. nemoratus) ont fait l’objet de programmes de contrôle biologique réussis. Les deux espèces détectées plus récemment, F. nana et S. vicina, constituent de bonnes candidates pour un éventuel contrôle biologique au Canada. Nous révisons la biologie de cinq espèces de tenthrèdes mineuses du bouleau en Amérique du Nord et présentons des clés pour faciliter l’identification des adultes, des larves et des mines.

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The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 141 , Issue 3 , June 2009 , pp. 201 - 235
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Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2009

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