Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-g4j75 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-24T22:32:03.564Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bodies of Evidence on Prehistoric Cyprus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 December 2008

A. Bernard Knapp  and
Lynn Meskell
A. Bernard Knapp
Affiliation:
Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland
Lynn Meskell
Affiliation:
Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3DZ
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study takes as its point of departure recent discussions in sociology, anthropology, queer theory, and masculinist and feminist studies on the contextual constitution of sex and gender, with its surrounding debates. We explore the adoption and implications of the body as a phenomenon in archaeology and its connection to power-centred theories. As a case study, we use a body of data comprised of prehistoric Cypriot figurines (Chalcolithic and Bronze Age), and suggest that an archaeology of individuals may be possible in prehistoric contexts. In conclusion, we suggest that archaeologists move beyond rigid, binary categorizations and attempt to prioritize specific discourses of difference by implementing constructions of self or identity

Type
Articles
Information
Cambridge Archaeological Journal , Volume 7 , Issue 2 , October 1997 , pp. 183 - 204
Copyright
Copyright © The McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

a Campo, A.L., 1994. Anthropomorphic Representations in Prehistoric Cyprus: a Formal and Symbolic Analysis of Figurines, c.3500–1800 BC. (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology and Literature, Pocketbook 109.) Jonsered: P. Åström's Förlag.Google Scholar
Bailey, D.W., 1994. Reading prehistoric figurines as individuals. World Archaeology 25, 321–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beazley, J.D., 1956. Attic Black-Figure Vase Painters. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Beazley, J.D., 1963. Attic Red-Figure Vase Painters. 2nd edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Berthelot, J.M., 1991. Sociological discourse and the body, in The Body: Social Process and Cultural Theory, eds.Featherstone, M., Hepworth, M. & Turner, B.S.. London: Sage, 390–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolger, D.L., 1992. The archaeology of fertility and birth: a ritual deposit from Chalcolithic Cyprus. Journal of Anthropological Research 48, 145–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolger, D.L., 1993. The feminine mystique: gender and society in prehistoric Cypriot studies. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 29–42.Google Scholar
Bolger, D.L., 1994. Engendering Cypriot archaeology: women's roles and statuses before the Bronze Age. Opuscula Atheniensia 20, 9–17.Google Scholar
Bolger, D.L., 1996. Figurines, fertility, and the emergence of complex society in prehistoric Cyprus. Current Anthropology 37, 365–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolger, D.L., n.d. Gender, status and reproductive ritual in prehistoric Cyprus. Unpublished paper presented at Exeter Conference (07, 1994) on Gender and Material Culture.Google Scholar
Broch-Due, V., Rudie, I. & Bleie, T. (eds.), 1993. Carved Flesh, Cast Selves: Gendered Symbols and Social Practices. Oxford: Berg.Google Scholar
Brod, H. & M., Kaufman (eds.), 1994. Theorizing Masculinities. (Research on Men and Masculinities 5.) Thousand Oaks (CA) & London: Sage Publications.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morales, V.Broman, 1990. Figurines and Other Clay Objects from Sarab and Cayonu. (Oriental Institute Communications 25.) Chicago (IL): The Oriental Institute.Google Scholar
Butler, J., 1990a. Gender trouble, feminist theory, and psychoanalytic discourse, in Feminism/Postmodernism, ed. Nicholson, L.J.. New York (NY): Routledge, 324–40.Google Scholar
Butler, J., 1990b. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York (NY): Routledge.Google Scholar
Butler, J., 1993. Bodies that Matter: On the Discursive Limits of Sex. New York (NY): Routledge.Google Scholar
Bynum, C., 1995. Why all this fuss about the body? A medievalist's perspective. Critical Inquiry 22, 1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carrithers, M., 1985. An alternative social history of the self, in Carrithers, et al. (eds.), 234–56.Google Scholar
Carrithers, M., Collins, S. & Lukes, S. (eds.), 1985. The Category of the Person: Anthropology, Philosophy, History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Christou, D., 1989. The Chalcolithic cemetery at Souskiou- Vathyrkakas, in Peltenburg, (ed.), 82–94.Google Scholar
Cohen, A.P., 1994. Self Consciousness: an Alternative Anthropology of Identity. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Connell, R.W., 1995. Masculinities. Oxford: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Cornwall, A. & Lindisfarne, N., 1994. Dislocating Masculinities: Comparative Ethnographies. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cranny-Francis, A., 1995. The Body in the Text. Melbourne: University of Melbourne Press.Google Scholar
Deleuze, G. & Guattari, P., 1987. A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. London: Ahtlone Press.Google Scholar
Des Gagniers, J. & Karageorghis, V., 1976. Vases et figurines de I'Age du Bronze à Chypre. Céramique rouge et noire polie. Quebec: Les Presses de I'Université Laval.Google Scholar
Dikaios, P., 1940. The Excavations at Vounous-Bellapais in Cyprus, 1931–2. (Archaeologia 88.) Oxford: Society of Antiquaries of London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dikaios, P., 1961. Solira. (University Museum Monograph.) Philadelphia (PA): University of Pennsylvania, University Museum.Google Scholar
Duhard, J.-P., 1990. Le corps féminin et son language dans l'art paléolithique. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 9, 241–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duhard, J.-P., 1993. Étude comparative des statuettes féminins de Sireuil et Tursac(Dordogne). Gallia Préhistoire 35, 283–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feher, M., Naddaff, R. & Tazi, N. (eds.), 1989. Fragments for a History of the Human Body. 3 vols. New York (NY): Zone.Google Scholar
Fitton, J.L., 1989. Cycladic Art. London: British Museum Publications.Google Scholar
Flourentzos, P., 1974. Notes on the Red Polished III plank-shaped idols from Cyprus. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 29–35.Google Scholar
Flourentzos, P., 1990. Catalogue of the exhibition, in Cyprus Before the Bronze Age, ed. Peltenburg, E.J.. Malibu (CA): Getty Museum, 25–44.Google Scholar
Foucault, M., 1977. Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison. London: Penguin.Google Scholar
Foucault, M., 1978. The History of Sexuality. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Frankel, D., 1991. Ceramic variability: measurement and meaning, in Cypriot Ceramics: Reading the Prehistoric Record, eds. Barlow, J.A., Bolger, D. & Kling, B.. (University Museum Monograph 74.) Philadelphia (PA): University of Pennsylvania, University Museum, 241–52.Google Scholar
Frankel, D. & Tamvaki, A., 1973. Cypriote shrine models and decorated tombs. Australian Journal of Biblical Archaeology 2(2), 39–44.Google Scholar
Frankel, D. & Webb, J.M., 1993. Excavations at Marki Alonia, 1992–3. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 43–68.Google Scholar
Frankel, D. & Webb, J.M., 1994. Excavations at Marki Alonia, 1993–4. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 51–72.Google Scholar
Gatens, M., 1996. The Imaginary Body. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Goldhill, S., 1995. Foucault's Virginity: Ancient Erotic Fiction and the History of Sexuality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goring, E., 1991a. Pottery figurines: the development of coroplastic art in Chalcolithic Cyprus. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 282–83, 153–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goring, E., 1991b. The anthropomorphic figurines, in Peltenburg, (ed.) 1991a, 39–60.Google Scholar
Grosz, E., 1994. Volatile Bodies: Toward a Corporeal Feminism. Bloomington (IN): Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Grosz, E., 1995. Space, Time and Perversion. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hamilton, N., 1994. A fresh look at the ‘seated gentleman’ in the Pierides Foundation Museum, Republic of Cyprus. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 4(2), 302–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, N., n.d. Ungendering archaeology: concepts of sex and gender in figurine studies in prehistory. Unpublished paper presented at Exeter Conference (07, 1994) on Gender and Material Culture.Google Scholar
Hearn, J. & Morgan, D.H.J. (eds.), 1990. Men, Masculinities and Social Theory. (Critical Studies in Men and Masculinities.) London: Unwin Hyman.Google Scholar
Herdt, G. (ed.), 1993. Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History. New York (NY): Zone Books.Google Scholar
Hodder, I., 1990. The Domestication of Europe: Structure and Contingency in Neolithic Societies. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Ioannides, G.C. (ed.) 1992. Studies in Honour of Vassos Karageorghis. Nicosia: Leventis Foundation.Google Scholar
Jacobs, S.-E., 1994. Native American Two-Spirits. American Anthropological Association, Anthropology News letter (11), 7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, M.H., 1989. Conceptions of agency in archaeological interpretation. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 8, 189–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kampen, N.B., 1996. Sexuality in Ancient Art: Near East, Egypt, Greece, and Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Karageorghis, J., 1977. La Grande Déesse de Chypre et son Culte. Lyon: Collection de la Maison de l'Orient.Google Scholar
Karageorghis, V., 1970. Two religious documents of the Early Cypriote Bronze Age. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 10–13.Google Scholar
Karageorghis, V., 1976. The Civilization of Prehistoric Cyprus. Athens: Ekdotike Athenon, SA.Google Scholar
Karageorghis, V., 1991a. The coroplastic art of Cyprus: an introduction, in Vandenabeele, & Laffineur, (eds.), 9–15.Google Scholar
Karageorghis, V., 1991b. The Coroplastic Art of Ancient Cyprus I: Chalcolithic-Late Cypriote I. Nicosia: Leventis Foundation.Google Scholar
Karageorghis, V., 1994. The development of Cypriote stone sculpture, in Vandenabeele, & Laffineur, (eds.), 9–13.Google Scholar
Knapp, A.B., 1986. Copper Production and Divine Protection: Archaeology, Ideology and Social Complexity on Bronze Age Cyprus. (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology, Pocketbook 42.) Göteborg: P. Åström's Förlag.Google Scholar
Knapp, A.B., 1993. Social complexity: incipience, emergence and development on prehistoric Cyprus. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 292, 85–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knapp, A.B., 1994a. Problems and prospects in Cypriote prehistory. Journal of World Prehistory 8, 377–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knapp, A.B., 1994b. Emergence, development and decline on Bronze Age Cyprus, in Development and Decline in the Mediterranean Bronze Age, eds. Mathers, C. & Stoddart, S.. (Sheffield Archaeological Monograph 8.) Sheffield: John Collis Publications, 271–304.Google Scholar
Knapp, A.B., 1997. Boys will be boys: masculinist approaches to a gendered archaeology, in The Third Australian Women in Archaeology Conference (Sydney, Febuary 1995), eds. Hope, J., Casey, M., Donlon, D. & Wellfare, S.. Canberra: ANH Publications, RSPAS, The Australian National University.Google Scholar
La Fontaine, J.S., 1985. Person and individual in anthropology, in Carrithers, et al. (eds.), 123–40.Google Scholar
Laqueur, T., 1990. Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lingis, A., 1994. Foreign Bodies. New York (NY): Routledge.Google Scholar
Lloyd, G., 1993. The Man of Reason: ‘Male’ and ‘Female’ in Western Philosophy. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Admiraal, S.M.Lubsen, 1994. Bronze Age plank figures in the Zintilis Collection in Amsterdam, in Vandenabeele, & Laffineur, (eds.), 23–35.Google Scholar
Lukes, S., 1985. Conclusion, in Carrithers, et al. (eds.), 282–301.Google Scholar
McDermott, L., 1996. Self-representation in Upper Paleolithic female figurines. Current Anthropology 37, 227–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGuire, R.H., 1993. Archaeology and Marxism, in Archaeological Method and Theory 5, ed. Schiffer, M.B.. Tucson (AZ): University of Arizona Press, 101–58.Google Scholar
McNay, L., 1992. Foucault and Feminism. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Mallet, S., 1995. Burying Lazarus: a feminist psychoanalytic critique of the death of the subject. Persons Bodies, Selves, Emotions special issue of Social Analysis: Journal of Cultural and Social Practice 37, 82–100Google Scholar
Manning, S.W., 1993. Prestige, distinction and competition: the anatomy of socio economic complexity in 4th–2nd millennium B.C.E. Cyprus. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 292, 35–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcus, M.I., 1993. Incorporating the Body: adornment, gender, and social identity in ancient Iran. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 3(2), 157–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mauss, M., 1985 [1938]. A category of the human mind: the notion of person; the notion of self, in Carrithers, et al. (eds.), 1–25.Google Scholar
Merrillees, R.S., 1980. Representations of the human form in prehistoric Cyprus. Opuscula Atheniensia 13, 171–84.Google Scholar
Merrillees, R.S., 1988. Mother and child: a Late Cypriot variation on an eternal theme. Mediterranean Archaeology 1, 42–56.Google Scholar
Merrillees, R.S., 1992. A Late Cypriote figurine with child from the Boysset Collection (now Sevres Museum). Centre d'Études Chypriotes 8(2), 3–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merrillees, R.S., 1994. A stone anthropomorphic bas relief from Middle Bronze Age Cyprus, in Vandenabeele, & Laffineur, (eds.), 37–42.Google Scholar
Mertens, J.R., 1975. Three Chalcolithic figures from Cyprus. Metropolitan Museum Journal 10, 5–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meskell, L.M., 1995. Goddesses, Gimbutas and New Age archaeology. Antiquity 69, 74–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meskell, L.M., 1996. The somatisation of archaeology: institutions, discourses, corporeality. Norwegian Archaeological Review 29(1), 17–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, D. & Tilley, C. (eds.), 1984. Ideology, Power and Prehistory Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, D., Rowlands, M. & Tilley, C. (eds.), 1989. Domination and Resistance. London: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Mitchell, J. & Hodges, R., 1996. Portraits, the cult of relics and the affirmation of hierarchy at an early medieval monastery: San Vicenzo al Volturno. Antiquity 70, 20–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mittwoch, U., 1992. Sex determination and sex reversal: genotype, phenotype, dogma and semantics. Human Genetics 89, 467–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mogelonsky, M.K., 1988. Early and Middle Cypriote Terracotta Figurines. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.Google Scholar
Mogelonsky, M.K., 1991. A typological system for Early and Middle Cypriot anthropomorphic terracotta figurines. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 19–36.Google Scholar
Moore, H.L., 1994. A Passion for Difference. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Morris, D., 1985. The Art of Ancient Cyprus. Oxford: Phaidon Press.Google Scholar
Morris, R.C., 1995. ALL MADE UP: Performance theory and the new anthropology of sex and gender. Annual Review of Anthropology 24, 567–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musgrave, J.H., Neave, R.A.H., Prag, A.J.N.W., Sakellarakis, E. & Sakellarakis, J.A., 1994. The priest and priestess from Archanes-Anemospilia: reconstructing Minoan faces. Annual of the British School at Athens 89, 89–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordbladh, J. & Yates, T., 1990. This perfect body, this virgin text: between sex and gender in archaeology. Archaeology after Structuralism eds. Bapty, I. & Yates, T.. London: Routledge, 222–37.Google Scholar
Orphanides, A.G., 1988. A classification of the Bronze Age terracotta anthropomorphic figurines from Cyprus. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 187–201.Google Scholar
Peltenburg, E.J., 1977. Chalcolithic figurine from Lemba, Cyprus. Antiquity 51, 140–43.Google Scholar
Peltenburg, E.J. (and project members), 1985. Lemba Archaeological Project vol.1: Excavations 1976–1983. (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 70/1.) Göteborg: P. Åström's Förlag.Google Scholar
Peltenburg, E.J.(ed.), 1989. Early Society in Cyprus. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Peltenburg, E.J., 1991a. Lemba Archaeological Project., vol. 2:2: A Ceremonial Area at Kissonerga. (Studies in Mediterranean Archaeology 70/3.) Göteborg: P. Åström's Förlag.Google Scholar
Peltenburg, E.J., 1991b. Local exchange in prehistoric Cyprus: an initial assessment of picrolite. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 282–3, 107–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peltenburg, E.J., 1992. Birth pendants in life and death: evidence from Kissonerga grave 563, in Ioannides, (ed.), 27–36.Google Scholar
Peltenburg, E.J., 1993. Settlement discontinuity and resistance to complexity in Cyprus, c. 4500–2500 BC. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 292, 9–23.Google Scholar
Peltenburg, E.J., 1994. Constructing authority: the Vounous enclosure model. Opuscula Atheniensia 20, 157–62.Google Scholar
Peltenburg, E.J. & Goring, E., 1991. Terracotta figurines and ritual at Kissonerga-Mosphilia, in Vandenabeele, & Laffineur, (eds.), 17–26.Google Scholar
Rabinowitz, N.S. & Richlin, A., 1993. Feminist Theory and the Classics. New York (NY): Routledge.Google Scholar
Rapoport, A., 1976. Sociocultural aspects of man-environment studies, in The Mutual Interaction of People and their Built Environment, ed. Rapoport, A.. The Hague: Mouton, 7–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapoport, A., 1982. The Meaning of the Built Environment: a Nonverbal Communication Approach. Beverly Hills (CA): Sage.Google Scholar
Reitler, R., 1960–63. Neolithische Statuetten aus Cypern. Jahrbuch fur Prähistorische und Ethnographische Kunst 20, 22–7.Google Scholar
Renfrew, A.C., 1974. Beyond a subsistence economy: the evolution of social organisation in prehistoric Europe, in Reconstructing Complex Societies, ed. Moore, C.B.. (Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, Supplement 20.) Cambridge (MA): American Schools of Oriental Research, 69–96.Google Scholar
Renfrew, A.C., 1994. The identity of Europe in prehistoric archaeology. Journal of European Archaeology 2, 153–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richlin, A. (ed.), 1992. Pornography and Representation in Greece and Rome. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Roaf, M., 1990. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East London: Equinox.Google Scholar
Robertson, M., 1991. Adopting an approach I, in Looking at Greek Vases, eds.Rasmussen, T. & Spivey, N.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1–12.Google Scholar
Schafer, A.J., 1995. Sex determination and its pathology on man. Advances in Genetics 33, 275–329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schortman, E.M., 1989. Interregional interactions in prehistory: the need for a new perspective. American Antiquity 54, 52–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seidler, V.J., 1994. Recovering the Self: Morality and Social Theory. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Shanks, M. & Tilley, C., 1982. Ideology, symbolic power and ritual communication: a reinterpretation of Neolithic mortuary practices, inThe Archaeology of Contextual Meanings, ed. Hodder, I.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 129–54.Google Scholar
Shanks, M. & Tilley, C., 1987. Social Theory and Archaeology. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Shilling, C., 1993. The Body and Social Theory. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Snodgrass, A.M., 1980. Archaic Greece: the Age of Experiment.Berkeley & Los Angeles (CA): University of California Press.Google Scholar
Stewart, J.R., 1962. The tomb of the seafarer at Karmi in Cyprus. Opuscula Atheniensia 4, 197–204.Google Scholar
Swiny, H.W. & Swiny, S., 1983. An anthropomorphic figurine from the Sotira area. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 56–9.Google Scholar
Swiny, S., 1985. The Cyprus American Archaeological Institute Excavations at Sotira- Kaminoudhia and the origins of the Philia culture, in Acts of the Second International Cyprological Congress, ed. Karageorghis, V.. Nicosia: Zavallis Press, 13–26.Google Scholar
Swiny, S., 1989. From round house to duplex: a reassessment of prehistoric Bronze Age Cypriot society, in Peltenburg (ed.), 14–31.Google Scholar
Talalay, L.E., n.d. Archaeological Ms.conceptions: the iconography of power in Mediterranean prehistory. Unpublished paper presented at Exeter conference (07, 1994) on Gender and Material Culture.Google Scholar
Turner, B.S., 1996. The Body and Society. London: Sage.Google Scholar
Vagnetti, L., 1974. Preliminary remarks on Cypriote Chalcolithic figurines. Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus, 24–34.Google Scholar
Vagnetti, L., 1980. Figurines and minor objects from a Chalcolithic cemetery at Souskiou- Vathyrkakas. Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 21, 17–72.Google Scholar
van der Leeuw, S.E., 1986. On settling down and becoming a ‘big-man’, in Private Politics: a Multi-Disciplinary Approach to ‘Big-Man’ Systems, eds. Bakel, M.A. Van, Hagesteijn, R.R. & Velde, P. Van de. (Studies in Human Society 1.) Leiden: Brill, 33–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandenabeele, F. & Laffineur, R. (eds.), 1991. Cypriote Terracottas. Proceedings of the First International Conference of Cypriote Studies, Brussels-Liege-Amsterdam, 29 May1-June 1989. Brussels & Liège: Leventis Foundation, Université de Liège.Google Scholar
Vandenabeele, F. & Laffineur, R. (eds.), 1994. Cypriote Stone Sculpture. Proceedings of the Second International Conference of Cypriote Studies, Brussels-Liege-Amsterdam, 17–19 May 1993. Brussels & Liège: Leventis Foundation, Université de Liège.Google Scholar
Webb, J.M., 1992. Funerary ideology in Bronze Age Cyprus: towards the recognition and analysis of Cypriote ritual data, in Ioannides, (ed.), 87–99.Google Scholar
Wilfong, T.G. & Jones, C.E. (eds.), forthcoming. Materials for a History of the Human Body in the Ancient Near East. (Research Archives, Bibliographies and Informational Documents.) Chicago (IL): Oriental Institute.Google Scholar
Worthman, C.M., 1995. Hormones, sex, and gender. Annual Review of Anthropology 24, 593–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yates, T., 1993. Frameworks for an archaeology of the body, in Interpretive Archaeology, ed. Tilley, C.. Oxford: Berg, 31–72.Google Scholar