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Formation of pupal rings in Ostrinia furnacalis: insights into environmental and physiological influences

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2025

Wu Haichao ,
Chen Rizhao ,
Sohail Abbas ,
Huang Jing Xuan ,
Dong Hongyuan ,
Xiao Feng ,
Aleena Alam ,
Hamed A. Ghramh ,
Khalid Ali Khan  and
Jamin Ali Open the ORCID record for Jamin Ali [Opens in a new window]
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Wu Haichao
Affiliation:
College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
Chen Rizhao*
Affiliation:
College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
Sohail Abbas
Affiliation:
College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
Huang Jing Xuan
Affiliation:
College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
Dong Hongyuan
Affiliation:
College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
Xiao Feng
Affiliation:
College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
Aleena Alam
Affiliation:
College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
Hamed A. Ghramh
Affiliation:
Center of Bee Research and Its Products, Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
Khalid Ali Khan
Affiliation:
Center of Bee Research and Its Products, Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia Applied College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
Jamin Ali
Affiliation:
College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
Adil Tonğa
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Diyarbakir Plant Protection Research Institute, Diyarbakir, Türkiye
*
Corresponding author: Rizhao Chen; Email: rizhaochen@jlau.edu.cn
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Abstract

Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a key lepidopteran pest affecting maize production across Asia. While its general biology has been well studied, the phenomenon of pupal ring formation remains poorly understood. This study examined the factors influencing pupal ring formation under controlled laboratory conditions. Results showed that pupal rings were formed exclusively when larvae were reared on an artificial diet, with no ring formation observed on corn-stalks. Females exhibited a significantly higher tendency to participate in ring formation than males. Additionally, male participation increased proportionally with the number of rings formed, a pattern not observed in females. The size of the rearing arena significantly influenced ring formation, with smaller arenas (6 cm diameter) promoting more frequent pairing, particularly among females. Temperature also played a significant role: lower participation rates were recorded at 22 °C compared to 25 °C and 28 °C, although the number of rings formed did not differ significantly across temperatures. Developmental stage and sex composition further influenced pairing behaviour; pupal rings formed only among individuals of similar maturity, and male participation was significantly reduced in all-male groups compared to mixed-sex groups. These findings suggest that pupal ring formation in O. furnacalis is modulated by dietary substrate, larval sex, environmental conditions, and developmental synchrony, offering new insights into the behavioural ecology of this pest.

Keywords

environmental factorsOstrinia furnacalispest controlphysiological factorspupal ring formation

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Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , First View , pp. 1 - 7
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press.

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Footnotes

†

Authors contributed equally.

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