Hostname: page-component-669899f699-cf6xr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-26T03:51:36.230Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Amino acid transport dynamics in the jejunum and ileum in rats: a regional and time-course analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2024

Kojiro Katsura  and
Tohru Hira Open the ORCID record for Tohru Hira [Opens in a new window]
Kojiro Katsura
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
Tohru Hira*
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
*
Corresponding author: Tohru Hira; Email: hira@eis.hokudai.ac.jp
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Postprandially, amino acids and di/tripeptides are thought to be primarily absorbed in the proximal small intestine. However, there have been no in vivo demonstrations of regional differences in amino acid transport dynamics between the proximal and distal small intestines. We monitored plasma amino acid responses in the jejunal and ileal mesenteric veins of rats after oral administration of a diet or an amino acid mixture (Expt 1) and in the portal vein after direct administration of the amino acid mixture into the lumen of the jejunum or ileum (Expt 2). In Expt 1, the total and some amino acid concentrations in the jejunal mesenteric vein were slightly higher than those in the ileal mesenteric vein after oral administration of the amino acid mixture, suggesting that the ileum actively transports luminal amino acids to the basolateral side, comparable to the jejunum. In Expt 2, portal amino acid concentrations were elevated to a greater extent after direct administration of the amino acid mixture into the ileal lumen than into the jejunal lumen. These results demonstrate regional differences in amino acid transport dynamics in vivo and suggest that the ileum has a higher capacity for transporting amino acids than the jejunum. Our findings highlight the importance of the ileum in postprandial amino acid absorption and metabolism.

Keywords

Amino acidsJejunumIleumMesenteric veins
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 132 , Issue 10 , 28 November 2024 , pp. 1278 - 1288
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Bhutia, YD & Ganapathy, V (2018) Protein digestion and absorption. In Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, 6th ed., pp. 1063–1086 [Said, HM, editor]. Cambridge: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bröer, S & Fairweather, SJ (2018) Amino acid transport across the mammalian intestine. Compr Physiol 9, 343–373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bröer, S (2023) Intestinal amino acid transport and metabolic health. Annu Rev Nutr 43, 73–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trommelen, J, Tomé, D & van Loon, LJC (2021) Gut amino acid absorption in humans: concepts and relevance for postprandial metabolism. Clin Nutr Open Sci 36, 43–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silk, DB, Grimble, GK & Rees, RG (1985) Protein digestion and amino acid and peptide absorption. Proc Nutr Soc 44, 63–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borgstrom, B, Dahlqvist, A, Lundh, G, et al. (1957) Studies of intestinal digestion and absorption in the human. J Clin Invest 36, 1521–1536.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nixon, SE & Mawer, GE (1970) The digestion and absorption of protein in man. 1. The site of absorption. Br J Nutr 24, 227–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adibi, SA & Mercer, DW (1973) Protein digestion in human intestine as reflected in luminal, mucosal, and plasma amino acid concentrations after meals. J Clin Invest 52, 1586–1594.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chung, YC, Kim, YS, Shadchehr, A, et al. (1979) Protein digestion and absorption in human small intestine. Gastroenterology 76, 1415–1421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silk, DB, Chung, YC, Berger, KL, et al. (1979) Comparison of oral feeding of peptide and amino acid meals to normal human subjects. Gut 20, 291–299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Low, AG (1979) Studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs. 6. Measurements of the flow of amino acids. Br J Nutr 41, 147–156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singer, D, Camargo, SM, Ramadan, T, et al. (2012) Defective intestinal amino acid absorption in Ace2 null mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 303, G686–695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boirie, Y, Dangin, M, Gachon, P, et al. (1997) Slow and fast dietary proteins differently modulate postprandial protein accretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94, 14930–14935.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conley, TB, Apolzan, JW, Leidy, HJ, et al. (2011) Effect of food form on postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations in older adults. Br J Nutr 106, 203–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nässl, AM, Rubio-Aliaga, I, Fenselau, H, et al. (2011) Amino acid absorption and homeostasis in mice lacking the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 301, G128–137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Imai, S, Fujita, K, Miura, M, et al. (2003) Postprandial changes in portal venous free amino acids and insulin/glucagon ratios as the result of protein over-intake are not directly linked to serine dehydratase induction in rat liver irrespective of age. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 49, 247–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hara, H, Funabiki, R, Iwata, M, et al. (1984) Portal absorption of small peptides in rats under unrestrained conditions. J Nutr 114, 1122–1129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeSesso, JM, Jacobson, CF & Williams, AL (2012) Anatomical and physiological parameters that influence gastrointestinal absorption. In Encyclopedia of Drug Metabolism and Interactions, pp. 43–78 [Lyubimov, A, editor]. New York: John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Reeves, PG (1997) Components of the AIN-93 diets as improvements in the AIN-76A diet. J Nutr 127, 838S–841S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dangin, M, Boirie, Y, Garcia-Rodenas, C, et al. (2001) The digestion rate of protein is an independent regulating factor of postprandial protein retention. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 280, E340–348.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hira, T, Sekishita, M & Hara, H (2021) Blood sampling from rat ileal mesenteric vein revealed a major role of dietary protein in meal-induced GLP-1 response. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 12, 689685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, SA, Bidlingmeyer, BA & Tarvin, TL (1986) PITC derivatives in amino acid analysis. Nature 320, 769–770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yin, J, Ren, W, Yang, G, et al. (2016) L-Cysteine metabolism and its nutritional implications. Mol Nutr Food Res 60, 134–146.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silk, DB, Webb, JP, Lane, AE, et al. (1974) Functional differentiation of human jejunum and ileum: a comparison of the handling of glucose, peptides, and amino acids. Gut 15, 444–449.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, G (1998) Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism. J Nutr 128, 1249–1252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, Y, Dinges, MM, Green, A, et al. (2020) Absorptive transport of amino acids by the rat colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 318, G189–G202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adibi, SA (1969) The influence of molecular structure of neutral amino acids on their absorption kinetics in the jejunum and ileum of human intestine in vivo . Gastroenterology 56, 903–913.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buddington, RK, Elnif, J, Puchal-Gardiner, AA, et al. (2001) Intestinal apical amino acid absorption during development of the pig. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 280, R241–247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakamura, H, Kawamata, Y, Kuwahara, T, et al. (2013) Nitrogen in dietary glutamate is utilized exclusively for the synthesis of amino acids in the rat intestine. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 304, E100–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakamura, H, Kawamata, Y, Kuwahara, T, et al. (2017) The nitrogen moieties of dietary nonessential amino acids are distinctively metabolized in the gut and distributed to the circulation in rats. J Nutr 147, 1537–1545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, LA, Lunn, PG & Elia, M (1998) Glutamine metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat assess by the relative activities of glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) and glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2). Br J Nutr 79, 365–372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed