Aberg, A., & Holmberg, C. (1979) Preliminary clinical testing of zimelidine (H 102/09) a new reuptake inhibitor. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 59:45–58. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Abramson, L. Y., Garber, J., & Seligman, M. E. P. Learned helplessness in humans: An attributional analysis. In: Human helplessness, ed. Garber, J. & Seligman, M. E. P., pp. 3–39. New York: Academic Press. [taHA]Google Scholar

Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978) Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87:49–74. [tarHA, KMN]Google ScholarPubMed

Akiskal, H. S. (1979) A biobehavioral approach to depression. In: The psychobiology of depressive disorders: Implications for the effects of stress, ed. Depue, R., pp. 409–37. New York: Academic Press. [HSA]Google Scholar

Akiskal, H. S. (1981) Clinical overview of depressive disorders and their pharmacological management. In: Neuropharmacology of central and behavioral disorders, ed. Palmer, G. C., pp. 37–72. New York: Academic Press. [HSA]Google Scholar

Akiskal, H. S. ed. (1979) Affective disorders: Special clinical forms. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2(3). [TLR]Google Scholar

Akiskal, H. S., & McKinney, W. T. (1973) Depressive disorders: Toward a unified hypothesis. Science 182:20–29. [HSA, taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Akiskal, H. S., & McKinney, W. T. (1975) Overview of recent research in depression: Integration of ten conceptual models into a comprehensive clinical frame. Archives of General Psychiatry 32:285–305. [HSA, taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Akiskal, H. S., Rosenthal, T. L., Haykal, R. F., Lemmi, H., Rosenthal, R. H., & Scott-Strauss, A. (1980) Characterological depressions: Clinical and sleep EEC findings separating “subaffective dysthymias” from “characterspectrum disorders.” Archives of General Psychiatry 37:777–83. [TLR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Albert, M. D., Feldman, R. G., & Willis, A. L. (1974) The subcortical dementia of progressive supranuclear palsy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 37:121–30. [RMB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Allen, M. C. (1976) Twin studies of affective illness. Archives of General Psychiatry 33:1476–78. [JED]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Angrist, B. M. & Gershon, S. (1970) The phenomenology of experimentally induced amphetamine psychosis: Preliminary observations. Biological Psychiatry 2:95–107. [LDH]Google ScholarPubMed

Angst, J., Waggon, B., & Schoepf, J. (1977) The treatment of depression with 1–5-hydroxytryptophan versus imipramine. Archives Psychiatrica Nervenkrankheit 224:175–86. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Anisman, H. (1978) Neurochemical changes elicited by stress: Behavioral correlates. In: Psychopharmacology of aversively motivated behavior, ed. Anisman, H. & Bignami, G., pp. 119–72. New York: Plenum Press. [tarHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Anisman, H. (1982 in press) Vulnerability to depression. In: Neurobiology of mood disorders, ed. Post, R. M. & Ballenger, J. C.. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. [rHA]Google Scholar

Anisman, H., Irwin, J., & Sklar, L. S. (1979) Deficits of escape performance following catecholamine depletion: Implications for behavioral deficits induced by uncontrollable stress. Psychopharmacology 64:163–70. [rHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Anisman, H., Kokkinidis, L., & Sklar, L. S. (1981) Neurochemical consequences of stress: Contributions of adaptive processes. In: Physiological and psychological interactions in response to stress, ed. Burchfield, S.. New York: Hemisphere. [tarHA]Google Scholar

Anisman, H., Kokkinidis, L., & Sklar, L. S. (1981, in press) Contribution of neurochemical change to stress-induced behavioral deficits. In: Psychopharmacology Vol. 1., ed. Cooper, S. J.. London: Academic Press. [rHA]Google Scholar

Anisman, H. & Lapierre, Y. (1981 in press) Stress and depression: Formulations and caveats. In: Psychological stress and psychopathohgy, ed. Neufeld, W. J. M.. New York: McGraw Hill. [rHA]Google Scholar

Anisman, H., Pizzino, A., & Sklar, L. S. (1980) Coping with stress, norepinephrine depletion and escape performance. Brain Research 191:583–88. [tarHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Anisman, H., Remington, C., & Sklar, L. S. (1979). Effects of inescapable shock on subsequent escape performance: Catecholaminergic and cholinergic mediation of response initiation and maintenance. Psychopharmacology 61:107–24. [rHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Anisman, H., Ritch, M., & Sklar, L. S. (1981) Noradrenergic and dopaminergic interactions in escape behavior: Analysis of uncontrollable stress effects. Psychopharmacology 74:263–68. [rHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Anisman, H. & Sklar, L. S. (1979) Catecholamine depletion upon reexposure to stress: Mediation of the escape deficits produced by inescapable shock. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 93:610–25. [tarHA].CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Antelman, S. M. & Caggiula, A. R. (1977) Norepinephrine-dopamine interactions and behavior. Science 195:646–53. [rHA, GWK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Aprison, M. H. (1977) Are some amino acid neurotransmitters involved in psychiatric disorders? In: Neuroregulators and psychiatric disorders, ed. Usdin, E., Hamburg, D. A., & Barchas, J. D., pp. 381–90. New York: Oxford University Press. [JNH]Google Scholar

Aprison, M. H., & Hingtgen, J. N. (1970) Neurochemical correlates of behavior. International Review of Neurobiology 13:325–341. [JNH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aprison, M. H., & Hingtgen, J. N. (1972) Serotonin and behavior: A brief summary. Federation Proceedings 31:121–29. [JNH]Google ScholarPubMed

Aprison, M. H., & Hingtgen, J. N. (1981) Hypersensitive serotonergic receptors: A new hypothesis for one subgroup of unipolar depression derived from an animal model. In: Serotonin: Current aspects of neurochemistry and function, ed. Haber, B., Gabay, S., Alivisatos, S., & Issidorides, M., pp. 627–56. New York: Plenum Press. [JNH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aprison, M. H., Hingtgen, J. N., & McBride, W. J. (1975) Serotonergic and cholinergic mechanisms during disruption of approach and avoidance behavior. Federation Proceedings 34:1813–1822. [JNH, KMN]Google ScholarPubMed

Aprison, M. H., Takahashi, R., & Tachiki, K. (1978) Hypersensitive serotonergic receptors involved in clinical depression: A theory. In: Neuropharmacology and behavior, ed. Haber, B. & Aprison, M. H., pp. 23–53. New York: Plenum Press. [JNH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Arieti, S. & Bemporad, J. (1978) Severe and mild depression. New York: Basic Books. [SRB]Google Scholar

Asberg, M., Thoren, P., Traskman, L., Bertilsson, L., & Ringberger, V. (1976) Serotonin depression: A biochemical subgroup within the affective disorders? Science 191:478–80. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Asberg, M., Traskman, L., & Thoren, P. (1976) 5-HIAA in the cerebrospinal fluid: A biochemical suicide predictor? Archives of General Psychiatry 33:1193–97. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ashcroft, G. W., Blackburn, I. M., Eecleston, D., Glen, A. I. M., Hartley, W., Kinloch, N. E., Lonergen, M., Murray, L. G., & Pullar, I. A. (1973) Changes on recovery in the concentrations of tryptophan and the biogenic amine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with affective illness. Psychological Medicine 3:319–25. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ashford, J. & Jones, B. J. (1976) The effects of intra-amygdaloid injections of 6-hydroxydopamine on avoidance responding in rats. British Journal of Pharmacology 56:255–61. [STM]Google ScholarPubMed

Averill, J. R., DeWitt, G. W., & Zimmer, M. (1978). The self-attribution of emotion as a function of success and failure. Journal of Personality 46:323–47. [VH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baldessarini, R. (1981) A summary of biomedical aspects of mood disorders. McLean Hospital Journal 6:1–34. [JED]Google Scholar

Bandura, A. (1981) Self-referent thought: A developmental analysis of selfefficacy. In: Social cognitive development: Frontiers and possible futures, ed. Flavell, J. H. & Ross, L., pp. 200–39. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [TLR]Google Scholar

Banerjee, S. P., Kung, L. S., Riggi, J. S., & Chanda, S. K. (1977) Development of β-adrenergic receptor subsensitivity by antidepressants. Nature (London) 268:455–56. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Beck, A. (1976) Depression: Clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects. New York: Harper and Row. [taHA, DdeC, VH, WPS]Google Scholar

Beck, A., Sethi, B., & Tuthill, R. (1963) Childhood bereavement and adult depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 9:295–302. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Beck, A. T. (1967) Depression: Causes and treatment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. [LDH]Google Scholar

Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F. & Emery, G. (1979) Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press. [ATB, KMN]Google Scholar

Beck, A. T., Kovacs, M., & Weissman, A. (1975) Hopelessness and suicidal behavior: An overview. Journal of the American Medical Association 234:1146–19. [DdeC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Beck, J. C., & Worthen, K. (1972) Precipitating stress, crisis theory, and hospitalization in schizophrenia and depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 26:123–29. [taHA, DL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Beckman, H. & Goodwin, F. K. (1975) Antidepressant response to tricyclics and urinary MHPG in unipolar patients. Archives of General Psychiatry 32:17–21. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Benner, P., Roskies, E., & Lazarus, R. (1980) Stress and coping under extreme conditions. In: Survivors, victims, and perpetrators: Essays on the Nazi holocaust, ed. Dimsdale, J., pp. 219–58. New York: Hemisphere Publishers. [JED]Google Scholar

Berger, A., Faull, K., Davis, K. L., & Barchas, J. D. (1979) Monoamine metabolites in CSF in psychiatric disorders. In: Catecholamines: Basic and clinical frontiers, vol. 2, ed. Usdin, E., Kopin, I. J., & Barchas, J.. pp. 1827–29. New York: Pergamon Press. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berger, D. F., Starzec, J. J., & Mason, E. B. (1981) The relationship between plasma corticosterone levels and leverpress avoidance vs. escape in rats. Physiological Psychology 9:81–86. [RM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berl, S., Puszkin, S., & Nicklas, W. J. (1973) Actomyosin-like protein in brain. Science 179:441–45. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Beskow, J., Gottfries, C. G., Roos, B. E., & Winoblad, B. (1976) Determination of monoamine and monoamine metabolites in the human brain: Postmortem studies in a group of suicides and in a control group. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 53:7–20. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Birch, N. J. (1973) The role of magnesium and calcium in the pharmacology of lithium. Biological Psychiatry 7:269–72. [KMN]Google ScholarPubMed

Birkmayer, W. & Rederer, P. (1975) Biochemical post-mortem findings in depressed patients. Journal of Neural Transmission 37:95–109. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Blanc, G., Herve, D., Simon, H., Lisoprawski, A., Glowinski, J., & Tassin, J. P. (1980) Response to stress of mesocortical-frontal dopaminergic neurons in rats after long-term isolation. Nature 284:265–76. [taHA]Google Scholar

Blomberg, P. A., Kopin, I. J., Gordon, E. K., Markey, S. P., & Ebert, M. H. (1980) Conversion of MHPG to vanillylmandelic acid: Implications for the importance of urinary MHPG. Archives of General Psychiatry 37:1095–98. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bobrow, D. G. & Norman, D. A. (1975) Some principles of memory schemata. In: Representation and understanding: Studies in cognitive science, ed. Bobrow, D. G. & Norman, D. A., pp. 131–49. New York: Academic Press. [VH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bond, P. A., Jenner, F. A., & Sampson, G. A. (1972) Daily variations of the urine content of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglyeol in two manic depressive patients. Psychological Medicine 2:81–85. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Booth, D. (1968) Localization of the adrenergic feeding system in the rat diencephalon. Science 158:515–17. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bourne, H. R., Bunney, W. E., Colburn, R. W., Davis, J. M., Davis, N. J., Shaw, D. M., & Coppen, A. J. (1968) Noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in hindbrain of suicidal patients. Lancet 2:805–08. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bower, G. H. (1981) Mood and memory. American Psychologist 36:129–48. [VH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bowers, M. B. Jr. (1969) Deficient transport mechanism for the removal of acid monoamine metabolites from cerebrospinal fluid. Brain Research 15:522–24. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bowers, M. B. Jr, Heninger, G. R., & Gerbode, F. (1969) Cerebral spinal fluid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in psychiatric patients. International Journal of Neuropharmacology 8:255–62. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bowlby, J. (1980) Attachment and loss: Vol. 3, Loss, sadness and depression. London: Hogarth. [VH]Google Scholar

Breznitz, S. (1971) A study of worrying. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 10:271–79. [SRB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Briscoe, C. W., & Smith, J. B. (1975) Depression in bereavement and divorce. Archives of General Psychiatry 32:439–43. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Broadbent, D. E. (1958) Perception and communication. New York: Pergamon Press. [STM]Google Scholar

Brodie, H. K. H., Sack, R., & Siever, L. (1973) Clinical studies of 5-hydroxytryptophan in depression. In: Serotonin and behavior, ed. Barchas, J. & Usdin, E., pp. 549–60. New York: Academic Press. [taHA]Google Scholar

Brown, E., Brown, G. M., Kofman, O., & Quarrington, B. (1978) Sexual function and affect in Parkinsonian men treated with L-dopa. American Journal of Psychiatry 135:1552–55. [KMN]Google ScholarPubMed

Brown, F. (1961) Depression and childhood bereavement. Journal of Mental Sciences 107:754–77. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brown, G. W. (1979) The social etiology of depression: London studies. In: The psychobiology of the depressive disorders, ed. Depue, R. A., pp. 263–90. New York: Academic Press. [taHA, WPS]Google Scholar

Brown, G. W., & Birley, J. L. T. (1968) Crisis and life changes and the onset of schizophrenia. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 9:203–14. [RN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brown, C. W., Sklair, F., Harris, T. O., & Birley, J. L. T. (1973) Life-events and psychiatric disorders: 1. Some methodological issues. Psychosomatic Medicine 3:74–87. [RN]Google ScholarPubMed

Bunge, R., Johnson, M., & Ross, C. D. (1978) Nature and nurture in development of the autonomic neuron. Science 199:1409–16. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bunney, W. E. Jr, & Davis, J. M. (1965) Norepinephrine in depressive reactions. Archives of General Psychiatry 13:483–94. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bunney, W. E. Jr, Goodwin, F. K., & Murphy, D. L. (1972) The “switch process” in manic depressive illness: 1, 2, and 3. Archives of General Psychiatry 27:295–317. [taHA]Google Scholar

Bunney, W. E., Murphy, D. L., & Goodwin, F. K. (1970) The switch process from depression to mania: Relationship to drugs which alter brain amines. Lancet 1:1022–27. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bunney, W. E., van Kammen, D. P., Post, R. M., & Garland, B. L. (1979) A possible role for dopamine in schizophrenia and manic depressive illness (a review of evidence). In: Catecholamines: Basic and clinical frontiers II, ed. Usdin, E., Kopin, I. J., & Barchas, J., pp. 1807–19. New York: Pergamon Press. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burchfield, S. R. (1979) The stress response: A new perspective. Psychosomatic Medicine 41:661–72. [SRB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Butcher, L. L., ed. (1978) Cholinergic-monaminergic interactions in the brain. New York: Academic Press. [rHA]Google Scholar

Cameron, N. (1938a) Reasoning, regression and communication in schizophrenia. Psychological Monographs 50:1–30. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cameron, N. (1938b) Study in thinking in senile deterioration and schizophrenic disorganization. American Journal of Psychology 51:650–64. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cameron, N. (1939a) Deterioration and regression in schizophrenic thinking. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 34:265–70. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cameron, N. (1939b) Schizophrenic thinking in problem-solving situations. Journal of Mental Science 85:1012–35. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cannon, W. B. (1915) Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear and rage. New York: Appleton. [AIL]Google Scholar

Cantril, H. & Hunt, W. H. (1932) Emotional effects produced by the injection of adrenalin. American Journal of Psychology 44:300–07. [AIL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Caplan, M. G. & Douglas, V. T. (1969) Incidence of parental loss in children with depressed mood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 10:225–32. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Carlton, P. L. (1963) Cholinergic mechanisms in the control of behavior by the brain. Psychological Review 70:19–39. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Carrol, B., Curtis, G. C., & Mendels, J. (1976) Neuroendocrine regulation in depression: 1. Limbic system - adrenocortical dysfunction. Archives of General Psychiatry 33:1039. [RM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carroll, B. J., Feinberg, M., Creden, J. F. et al. (1981) A specific laboratory tes for the diagnosis of melancholia. Archives of General Psychiatry 38:15–22. [JED]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Casey, R. L., Masuda, M., & Holmes, T. H. (1967) Quantitative study of recall of life events. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 11:239–47. [RN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cassens, G., Roffman, M., Kuruc, A., Orsulak, P. J., & Schildkraut, J. J. (1980) Alterations in brain norepinephrine metabolism, induced by environmental stimuli previously paired with inescapable shock. Science 209:1138–40. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Chapman, L. J. (1956) Distractability in the conceptual performance of schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 53:286–91. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Charney, D., Menkes, D., & Heninger, G. (1981) Receptor sensitivity and the mechanism of action of antidepressant treatment: Implications for the etiology and therapy of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry (in press). [GRH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Checkley, S. A., Slade, A. P., & Shur, E. (1981) Growth hormone and other responses to clonidine in patients with endogenous depression. British Journal of Psychiatry 138:51–55. [GRH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cherek, D. R., Lane, J. D., Freeman, M. E., & Smith, J. E. (1980) Receptor changes following shock avoidance. Society Neuroscience Abstracts 6:543. [taHA]Google Scholar

Chikamori, Y., Sasa, M., Fujimoto, S., Takaori, S., & Matsuoka, I. (1980) Locus coeruleusndash;induced inhibition of dorsal cochlear nucleus neurons in comparison with lateral vestibular nucleus neurons. Brain Research 199:53–63. [STM]Google Scholar

Chiodo, L. A., & Antelman, S. M. (1980) Electroconvulsive shock: Progressive dopamine autoreceptor subsensitivity independent of repeated treatment. Science 210:799–801. [JWK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Chiodo, L. A., & Antelman, S. M. (1980) Repeated tricyclics induce a progressive dopamine autoreceptor subsensitivity independent of daily drug treatment. Nature 287:451–54. [rHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Clayton, P., Halikas, J., & Maurice, W. (1972) The depression of widowhood. British Journal of Psychiatry 120:71–77. [taHA, WPS]Google ScholarPubMed

Coover, G. D., Ursin, H., & Levine, S. (1973) Plasma corticosterone levels during active avoidance learning in rats. Journal of Comparative and Physiobgical Psychology 82:170–74. [RM]Google ScholarPubMed

Coppen, A., Prange, A. J., Whybrow, P. C., & Nogura, R. (1972) Abnormalities of indoleamines in affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 26:474–78. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Coppen, A., Rama Rao, V. A., Ruthven, C. R. J., Goodwin, B. L., & Sandler, M. (1979) Urinary 4ndash;hydroxyndash;3ndash;methoxyndash;phenylglycol is not a predictor for clinical response to amitriptyline in depressive illness. Psychopharmacology 64:95–97. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Coppen, A., Shaw, D., Hersberg, B., & Maggs, R. (1967) Tryptophan in the treatment of depression. Lancet 2:1178–80. [taHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Costa, E., Tagliamonte, A., Brunello, N., & Cheney, D. L. (1980) Effect of stress on the metabolism of acetylcholine in the cholinergic pathways of extrapyramidal and limbic systems. In: Catecholamines and stress: Recent advances, ed. Usdin, E., Kvetnansky, R., & Kopin, I. J., pp. 59–68. New York: Elsevier. [taHA]Google Scholar

Costello, C. G. (1978) A critical review of Seligman's laboratory experiments on learned helplessness and depression in humans. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87:21–31. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Crews, F. T., Paul, S. M. & Goodwin, F. K. (1981) Acceleration of βtor esensitization in combined administration of antidepressants and henoxybenzamine. Nature 290:787–89. [rHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crews, F. T. & Smith, C. B. (1978) Presynaptic alphandash;receptor subsensitivity fter longndash;term antidepressant treatment. Science 202:322–24. [taHA]Google Scholar

Crook, T., & Eliot, J. (1980) Parental death during childhood and adult depression: A critical review of the literature. Psychological Bulletin 87:252–59. [taHA, WPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Crow, T. J. (1971) The relationship between electrical selfndash;stimulation sites and cateeholaminendash;containing neurons in the rat mesencephalon. Experientia 27:662. [KMN]Google Scholar

Curzon, G. & Green, A. R. (1971) Regional and subcellular changes on the concentration of 5ndash;hydroxytryptamine and 5ndash;hydroxy indoleacetic acid in rat brain caused by hydrocortisone, DLndash;andash;methyltryptophan, Lndash;kynurenine, and immtinobilization. British Journal of Pharmacology 43:39. [ADS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Daly, M. & Wilson, M. (1978) Sex, evolution, and behavior. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press. [DdeC]Google Scholar

Damasio, A. The frontal lobes. (1979) In: Clinical neuropsychology, ed. Heilman, K. M. & Valenstein, E., pp. 360–412. New York: Oxford University Press. [RMB]Google Scholar

Davis, G. C., Buchsbaum, M. S., & Bunney, W. E. Jr. (in press) Alterations of evoked potentials link research on attention dysfunction to peptide response symptoms of schizophrenia. In: Neurology, peptides, and neuronal communication, ed. Trabucci, M. & Costa, E.. New York: Raven Press. [TLR]Google Scholar

Davis, J. M., & Janowsky, O. (1975) Cholinergic and adrenergic balance in mania and schizophrenia. In: Neurotransmitter balances regulating behavior, ed. Domino, E. F. & Davis, J. M., pp. 135–48. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Edwards Brothers. [taHA]Google Scholar

Davis, K. L., Mohs, R. C., & Tinklenberg, J. R. (1979) Enhancement of memory by physostigmine. New England Journal of Medicine 301:946. [KMN]Google ScholarPubMed

Davis, K. L., Mohs, R. C., Tinklenberg, J. R., Pfefferbaum, A., Hollister, L. E., & Kopell, B. S. (1978) Physostigmine: Improvement in longndash;term memory processes in normal humans. Science 201:272–74. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

de Catanzaro, D. (1980) Human suicide: A biological perspective. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 3:265–90. [DdeC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

de Catanzaro, D. (1981) Suicide and selfndash;damaging behavior: A sociobiological perspective. New York: Academic Press. [DdeC]Google Scholar

Delongis, A., Coyne, J. C., Dakoff, G., Folkman, S., & Lazarus, R. S. (in press) Daily hassles, uplifts and life events in relation to health status. Journal of Health Psychology. [WPS]Google Scholar

De Montigny, C. & Aghajanian, G. K. (1978) Tricyclic antidepressants: Longterm treatment increases responsivity of rat forebrain neurons to serotonin. Science 202:1303–06. [rHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dennehy, C. (1966) Childhood bereavement and psychiatric illness. British Journal of Psychiatry 112:1049–69. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Depue, R. A., ed. (1979) The psychobiology of the depressive disorders. New York: Academic Press. [HSA, KMN]Google Scholar

Depue, R. A., & Monroe, S. M. (1978) Learned helplessness in the perspective of the depressive disorders: Conceptual and definitional issues. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87:3–21. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Depue, R. A., & Monroe, S. M. (1978) The unipolarndash;bipolar distinction in the depressive disorders: Implications for stressndash;onset interaction. Psychological Bulletin 85:1001–29. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Depue, R. A., & Monroe, S. M. (1979) The unipolarndash;bipolar distinction in the depressive disorders: Implications for stressndash;onset interactions. In: The psychobiology of depressive disorders, ed. Depue, R. A., pp. 23–54. New York: Academic Press. [taHA]Google Scholar

Devenport, L. D., Devenport, J. A., & Holloway, F. A. (1981) Rewardndash;induced stereotypy: Modulation by the hippocampus. Science 212:1288–89. [LDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (1980) 3rd ed.American Psychiatric Association. [HSA, WPS]Google Scholar

Dohrenwend, B. P., & Dohrenwend, B. S. (1979) The conceptualization and measurement of stressful life events. In: The psychobiology of the depressive disorders, ed. Depue, R. A., pp. 105–21. New York: Academic Press. [taHA, WPS]Google Scholar

Dohrenwend, B. S. & Dohrenwend, B. P. (1974) Stressful life events: Their nature and effects. New York: John Wiley. [JED]Google Scholar

Dresse, A., & Scuvee-Moreau, J. (1980) Selective action of the tricyclic antidepressants on the spontaneous firing of noradrenergic or serotonergic cerebral neurons. In: New advances in the diagnosis and treatment of depressive illness, ed. Mendlewiez, J.. Amsterdam: Excerpta medica. [JWK]Google Scholar

Dunner, D. L., Gershon, G. S., & Goodwin, F. K. (1976) Heritable factors in the severity of affective illness. Biological Psychiatry 11:31–42. [KMN]Google ScholarPubMed

Dunner, D. L. & Goodwin, F. K. (1972) Effect of 1ndash;tryptophan on brain serotonin metabolism in depressed patients. Archives of General Psychiatry 26:364–66. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Edwards, J., Spiker, D. G., Kupfer, D. J., & Neil, J. F. (1979) Platelet MAO and urinary MHPG in affective disorders. In: Catecholamines: Basic and clinical frontiers, ed. Usdin, E., Kopin, I. J., & Barchas, J., pp. 1869–71. New York: Pergamon Press. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eitinger, L. (1964) Concentration camp survivors in Norway and Israel. London: Allen and Unwin. [taHA]Google Scholar

Eitinger, L. (1973) A followndash;up of Norwegian concentration camp survivors' mortality and morbidity. Israel Annals of Psychiatry and Related Disciplines 11:199–209. [taHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Ellertsen, B., Johnsen, T. B., & Ursin, H. (1978) Relationship between the hormonal responses to activation and coping. In: Psychobiology of stress: A study of coping men, ed. Ursin, H., Baade, E., & Levine, S., pp. 105–22. New York: Academic Press. [RM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Engel, G. L. (1961) Is grief a disease? A challenge for medical research. Psychosomatic Medicine 23:18–22. [SRB]Google ScholarPubMed

Evetts, K. D., Uretsky, N. J., Iversen, L. L., & Iversen, S. D. (1970) Effects of 6ndash;hydroxydopamine on CNS catecholamines, spontaneous motor activity and amphetaminendash;induced hyperactivity in rats. Nature 225:961–62. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ewer, R. F. (1968) Ethology of mammals. London: Elek Science. [DdeC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Falek, A. & Britton, S. (1974) Phases in coping: The hypothesis and its implications. Social Biology 21:1–7. [SRB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Farber, M. L. (1968) Theory of Suicide. New York: Funk and Wagnalls. [DdeC]Google Scholar

Fawcett, J., Maas, J. W., & Dekirmenjian, H. (1972) Depression and MHPG excretion. Archives of General Psychiatry 26:246–51. [taHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Ferster, C. B. (1973) A functional analysis of depression. American Psychologist 28:857–70. [KMN]Google Scholar

Fleisher, L. N., Simon, J. R., & Aprison, M. H. (1979) A biochemical-behavioral model for studying serotonergic super-sensitivity in brain. Journal of Neurochemistry 32:1613–20. [JNH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Flor-Henry, P. (1976) Lateralized temporal-limbic dysfunction and psychopathology. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 280:777–95. [LDH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Forrest, A. D., Fraser, R. H., & Priest, R. G. (1965) Environmental factors in depressive illness. British Journal of Psychiatry 111:243–53. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fowles, D. C. & Gersh, F. S. (1979) Neurotic depression: The endogenous- neurotic distinction. In: The psychobiology of the depressive disorders, ed. Depue, R. A., pp. 55–80. New York: Academic Press. [taHA]Google Scholar

Fraser, A., Pandy, G. N., & Mendels, J. (1973) Metabolism of tryptophan in depressive disease. Archives of General Psychiatry 29:528–35. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Garber, J., Miller, W. R., & Seaman, S. F. (1979) Learned helplessness, stress, and the depressive disorders. In: The psychobiology of the depressive disorders, ed. Depue, R. A., pp. 335–363. New York: Academic Press. [taHA, WPS]Google Scholar

Garattini, S. (1981) A propos du mode d' action de la minaprine, Le Concours Medical (supplement no. 28, pp. 28–30). [HL]Google Scholar

Gershon, E. S. (1978) The search for genetic markers in affective disorders. In: Psychopharmacology: A generation of progress, ed. Lipton, M. A., DiMascio, A., & Killam, K. F.. New York: Raven Press. [DdeC]Google Scholar

Gershon, E., Dunner, D., & Goodwin, F. (1971) Toward a biology of affective disorders: Genetic contributions. Archives of General Psychiatry 25:1–15. [HSA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ghose, K., Gupta, R., Coppen, A., & Lund, J. (1977) Antidepressant evaluation and the pharmacological actions of FG-4963 in depressive patients. European Journal of Pharmacology 42:31–37. [GRH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gillin, J. C., Duncan, W., Pettigrew, K. D. et al. (1979) Successful separation of depressed normal and insomniac subjects by EEC sleep data. Archives of General Psychiatry 36:85–90. [JED]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Glass, D. C. (1977) Behavior patterns, stress and coronary disease. New York: John Wiley. [taHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Gold, B. I., Bowers, M. B., Roth, R. H., & Sweeney, D. W. (1980) GABA levels in CSF of patients with psychiatric disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry 137:362–64. [KMN]Google ScholarPubMed

Goodlet, F., Mireylees, S. E., & Sugrue, M. F. (1977) Effects of mianserin, a new antidepressant, on the in vitro and in vivo uptake of monoamines. British Journal of Pharmacology 61:307–13. [GRH]Google ScholarPubMed

Goodwin, F. & Bunney, W. E. Jr. (1973) A psychobiological approach to affective illness. Psychiatric Annals 3:19–53. [HSA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goodwin, F. & Bunney, W. E. Jr. (1973) Psychobiological aspects of stress and affective illness. In: Separation and depression: Clinical and research aspects, ed. Scott, J. P. & Senay, E. C., pp. 91–112. Washington, D.C.: AAAS. [taHA]Google Scholar

Goodwin, F. K., Cowdry, R. W., & Webster, M. H. (1978) Predictors of drug response in the affective disorders: Toward an integrated approach. In: Psychopharmacology: A generation of progress, ed. Lipton, M. A., DiMascio, A., & Killam, K. F., pp. 1277–88. New York: Raven Press. [taHA]Google Scholar

Goodwin, F. K., & Post, R. M. (1974) Brain serotonin affective illness and antidepressant drugs: Cerebrospinal fluid studies with probenecid. In: Serotonin -new vistas: Biochemistry, behavioral and clinical studies, ed. Costa, E., Gessa, G. L., & Sandler, M., pp. 341–56. New York: Raven Press. [taHA]Google Scholar

Goodwin, F. K., & Post, R. M. (1975) Cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites in affective illness and schizophrenia: Clinical and pharmacological studies. Psychopharmacology Communications 1:641–53. [taHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Goodwin, F. K. & Potter, W. Z. (1979) Norepinephrine metabolite studies in affective illness. In: Catecholamines: Basic and clinical frontiers, Vol. 2, ed. Usdin, E., Kopin, I. J., & Barchas, J., pp. 1863–65. New York: Pergamon Press. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gordon, E. K. & Oliver, J. (1971) 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol in human cerebrospinal fluid. Clinical Chemistry Acta 35:145–50. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Greenspan, K., Schildkraut, J. J., Gordon, E. K., Baer, L., Aranoff, M. S., & Durrell, J. (1970) Catecholamine metabolism in affective disorders: 3. MHPG and other catecholamine metabolites in patients treated with lithium carbonate. Journal of Psychiatric Research 7:171–83. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Greenspan, J., Schildkraut, J. J., Gordon, E. K., Levy, B., & Durrell, J. (1969) Catecholamine metabolism in affective disorders: 2. Norepinephrine, nor-metanephrine, epinephrine, metanephrine and VMA excretion in hypomanic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry 21:710–16. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Greer, S. (1964) The relationship between parental loss and attempted suicide: A control study. British Journal of Psychiatry 110:698–705. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Griswold, M. J. (1970) Life events, divorce, and sequelae of divorce: A pilot study. Unpubl. manuscript. Seattle: University of Washington. [SRB]Google Scholar

Hall, K. S., Dunner, D. L., Zeller, C., & Fieve, R. R. (1979) Bipolar illness: A prospective study of life events. Comprehensive Psychiatry 18:497–502. [RN]Google Scholar

Hamilton, V. (1979a) Personality and stress. In: Human stress and cognition: An information-processing approach, ed. Hamilton, V. & Warburton, D. M., pp. 67–114. Chichester: Wiley. [VH]Google Scholar

Hamilton, V. (1979b) Information-processing aspects of neurotic anxiety and the schizophrenias. In: Human Stress and cognition: An information-processing approach, ed. Hamilton, V. & Warburton, D. M., pp. 383–430. Chichester: Wiley. [VH]Google Scholar

Hamilton, V. & Warburton, D. M. (1979) Human stress and cognition: An information-processing approach. Chichester: Wiley. [VH]Google Scholar

Hammen, C. L. & Cochran, S. D. (1981) Cognitive correlates of life stress and depression in college students. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90:23–27. [WPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Harlow, H. F. (1974) Induction and alleviation of depressive states in monkeys. In: Ethology and psychiatry, ed. White, N. F.. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. [DdeC]Google Scholar

Harlow, H. & Harlow, M. (1965) The affectional system. In: Behavior of nonhuman primates: Modern research trends, vol. 2., ed. Schrier, A., Harlow, H., & Stollnitz, F., pp. 287–334. New York: Academic Press. [JED]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Heinicke, C. (1973) Parental deprivation in early childhood. In: Separation and depression: Clinical and research aspects, ed. Scott, J. and Senay, E.. Washington, D.C.: AAAS. [taHA]Google Scholar

Hellhammer, D. H., Hingtgen, J. N., Wade, S. E., Shea, P. A., & Aprison, M. H. (1982, in press) Biogenic amine changes in specific areas of rat brain associated with gastric lesions produced by two types of behavioral stress. Proceedings of the First World Congress of International Brain Research Organization. Lausanne. [JNH]Google Scholar

Hendrie, H. (1978) Organic brain disorders: Classification, the symptomatic psychoses, misdiagnosis. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 1:3–19. [HSA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hendrie, H. C. (1981) Depression in the course of physical illness. In: Machine pacing and occupational stress, ed. Salvendy, G.. In press. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd. [JNH]Google Scholar

Henry, A. & Short, J. (1954) Suicide and homicide. Glencoe, Ill. Free Press. [DL]Google Scholar

Henry, J. P. & Stephens, P. M. (1977) Stress, health, and the social environment: A sociobiologic approach to medicine. New York: Springer-Verlag. [JED]Google Scholar

Herman, B. H., & Panskepp, J. (1981) Ascending endorphin inhibition of distress vocalization. Science 211:1060–62. [LDH]Google ScholarPubMed

Hill, O. (1969) The association of childhood bereavement with suicidal attempt in depressive illness. British Journal of Psychiatry 115:301–04. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hill, O. W. & Price, J. S. (1967) Childhood bereavement and adult depression. British Journal of Psychiatry 113:743–51. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hinkle, L. E. (1974) The effect of exposure to culture change, social change, and changes in interpersonal relationships on health. In: Stressful life events: Their nature and effects, ed. Dohrenwend, B. P. & Dohrenwend, B. S., pp. 9–44. New York: John Wiley. [taHA]Google Scholar

Hingtgen, J. N., Smith, J. E., Shea, P. A., Aprison, M. H., & Gaff, T. M. (1976) Cholinergic changes during conditioned suppression in rats. Science 193:332–34. [taHA, JNH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hollister, A. S., Breese, G. R., Kuhn, C. M., Cooper, B. R., & Schanberg, S. M. (1976) An inhibitory role for brain serotonin-containing systems in the locomotor effects of d-amphetamine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 198:12–22. [KMN]Google ScholarPubMed

Hollister, L. E., Davis, K. L., & Berger, P. A. (1980) Subtypes of depression based on excretion of MHPG and response to nortripyline. Archives of General Psychiatry 37:1107–10. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hollon, S. D., & Beck, A. T. (1979) Cognitive therapy of depression. In: Cognitive-behavioral interventions, ed. Kendall, P. C. & Hollon, S. D.. New York: Academic Press. [WPS]Google Scholar

Holmes, T. H. & Rahe, R. H. (1967) The social readjustment scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 11:213–18. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hopkinson, G. & Reed, G. F. (1966) Bereavement in childhood and depressive psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry 112:459–63. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Horowitz, M. (1979) Psychological response to serious life events. In: Human Stress and cognition: An information-processing approach, ed. Hamilton, V. & Warburton, D. M., pp. 237–264. Chichester: Wiley. [VH]Google Scholar

Horowitz, M., Schaefer, C., Hiroto, D. et al. (1977) Psychosomatic Medicine 39:413–31. [RN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huang, Y. (1979) Chronic desipramine treatment increases activity of noradrenergic postsynaptic cells. Life Sciences 25:709–16. [tarHA, STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Huang, Y. H., & Maas, J. W. (1980) The time course of noradrenergic presynaptic and postsynaptic activity during chronic desipramine treatment. European Journal of Pharmacology 68:41–47. [STM]Google Scholar

Hudgens, R., Morrison, J., & Barchha, R. (1967) Life events and onset of primary affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 16:134–45. [taHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Hudgens, R. W., Robins, E., & Delong, W. B. (1970) The reporting of recent stress in the lives of psychiatric patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 117:635–43. [RN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Isen, A. M., Shalker, T. E., Clark, M., & Karp, L. (1978). Affect, accessibility of material in memory and behavior: A cognitive loop? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 36:1–12. [VH]Google ScholarPubMed

Jacobs, S. & Douglas, L. (1979) Grief: A mediating process between a loss and illness. Comprehensive Psychiatry 20:165–76. [SRB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jacobs, S. C., Prusoff, B. A., & Paykel, E. S. (1974) Recent life events in schizophrenia and depression. Psychological Medicine 4:444–53. [taHA, DL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Janowsky, D. S., & Davis, J. M. (1979) Psychological effects of cholinomimetic agents. In: Brain acetylcholine and neuopsychiatric disease, ed. Davis, K. L. & Berger, P. A., pp. 3–14. New York: Plenum Press. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Janowsky, D. S., el-Yousef, M. K., Davis, J. M., Hubbard, B., & Sekerke, H. J. (1972) Cholinergic reversal of manic symptoms. Lancet 1:1236–1237. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Janowsky, D. S., el-Yousef, M. K., Davis, J. M., & Sekerke, H. J. (1972) A cholinergic-adrenergic hypothesis of mania and depression. Lancet 2:632–35. [taHA, KMN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Janowsky, D. S., el-Yousef, M. K., Davis, J. M., & Sekerke, H. J. (1973a) Parasympathetic suppression of manic symptoms by physostigmine. Archives of General Psychiatry 28:542–547. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Janowsky, D. S., el-Yousef, M. K., Davis, J. M., & Sekerke, H. J. (1973b) Provocation of schizophrenic symptoms by intravenous methylpheni-date. Archives of General Psychiatry 28:185–191. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jenkins, C. D., Hurst, M. W., & Rose, R. M. (1979) Life changes: Do people really remember? Archives of General Psychiatry 36:379–84. [taHA, RN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kalisker, A., Rutledge, C. O., & Perkins, J. P. (1973) Effect of nerve degeneration by 6-hydroxydopamine on catecholamine-stimulated adenosine 3' 5'-monophosphate formation in rat cerebral cortex. Molecular Pharmacology 9:619–29. [EAS]Google ScholarPubMed

Karczmar, A. G. (1975) Cholinergic influences on behavior. In: Cholinergic mechanisms, ed. Waser, P. G., pp. 501–29. New York: Raven Press. [rHA]Google Scholar

Karczmar, A. G., Scudder, C. L., & Richardson, D. L. (1973) Interdisciplinary approach to the study of behavior in related mice types. In: Chemical approaches to brain function, ed. Ehrenpreis, S. & Kopin, I. J., pp. 159–244. New York: Academic Press. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Katz, R. I., Chase, T. N., & Kopin, I. J. (1969) Effect of ions on stimulus-induced release of amino acids from mammalian brain slices. Journal of Neurochemistry 16:961–67. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Katz, R. J., Roth, K. A., & Carroll, B. A. (1981) Acute and chronic stress effects on open field activity in the rat: Implications for a model of depression. Neuroscicnce and Biobchavioral Reviews 5:247. [ADS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kiely, W. F. (1975) From the symbolic stimulus to the pathophysiological response: Immune mechanisms. International Journal of Psychiatric Medicine 5:517–29. [SRB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Klein, D. C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1976) Reversal of performance deficits in learned helplessness and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 85:11–26. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Klinger, E. (1975) Consequences of commitment to and disengagement from incentives. Psychological Review 82:1–25. [SRB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kobayashi, R. M., Palkovits, M., Kizer, J. S., Jacobowitz, D. M., & Kopin, I. J. (1976) Selective alterations of catecholamines and tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the hypothalamus following acute and chronic stress. In: Catecholamines and stress, ed. Usdni, E., Kvetnansky, R., & Kopin, I. J., pp. 29–38. Oxford: Pergamon Press. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Koella, W. P. (1974) Serotonin: A hypnagogic transmitter and an anti-waking agent. Advances in Biochemical Psychopharmacology 11:181–86. [KMN]Google Scholar

Kokkinidis, L. & Anisman, H. (1980) Amphetamine models of paranoid schizophrenia: An overview and elaboration of animal experimentation. Psychological Bulletin 88:551–79. [rHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Korf, J., Sebens, J. B., & Postema, F. (1979) Cyclic AMP in the rat cerebral cortex after stimulation of the locus coeruleus: Decrease by antidepressant drugs. European Journal of Pharmacology 59:23–30. [rHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kraemer, G. W., Breese, G. R., Prange, A. J., Moran, E. C., Lewis, J. K., Kemnitz, J. W., Bushnell, P. J., Howard, J. L., & McKinney, W. T. (1981) Use of 6-hydroxydopamine to deplete brain catecholamines in the rhesus monkey: Effects on urinary catecholamine metabolites and behavior. Psychopharmacology 73:1–11. [GWK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kraemer, G. W. & McKinney, W. T. (1979) Interactions of pharmacological agents which alter bigenic amine metabolism and depression: An analysis of contributing factors within a primate model of depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 1:33–54. [HSA, GWK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kraepelin, E. (1923) lehrbuch der Psychiatric. New York: A. R. Diependorf, Macmillan. [STM]Google Scholar

Kragh, U. (1960) The defence mechanism test: A new method for diagnosis and personnel selection. Journal of Applied Psychology 44:303–09. [RM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kupfer, D. J., & Detre, T. P. (1978) Tricyclic and monoamine-oxidase-inhibitor antidepressants: Clinical use. In: Handbook of psychopharmacology, vol. 14, ed. Iversen, L. L., Iversen, S. D., & Snyder, S. H., pp. 199–232. New York: Plenum Press. [taHA]Google Scholar

Kupfer, D. J. & Foster, F. G. (1972) Interval between onset of sleep and rapid eye movement sleep as an indicator of depression. Lancet 2:684–86. [JED]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kvetnansky, R. (1980) Recent progress in catecholamines under stress. In: Catecholamines and stress: Recent advances, ed. Usdin, E., Kvetnansky, R., & Kopin, I. J., pp. 7–20. New York: Elsevier. [taHA]Google Scholar

Kvetnansky, R., Mitro, A., Palkovits, M., Brownstein, M., Torda, T., Vigas, M., & Mikulaj, L. (1976) Catecholamines in individual hypothalamic nuclei in stressed rats. In: Catecholamines and stress, ed. Usdin, E., Kvetnansky, R., & Kopin, I. J., pp. 39–50. Oxford: Pergamon Press. [taHA]Google Scholar

Laborit, H. (1974) Proposition d'un modèle intégré des comportements normaux et anormaux à partir de données biochimiques, neurophysiologiques, éthologiques, chimiques et sociologiques. Annales Médico-Psychotogiques. 1:47–60. [HL]Google Scholar

Laborit, H. (1976) On the mechanism of activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal reaction to changes in the environment (the “alarm reaction”). Resuscitation 5(1): 19–30. [HL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Laborit, H. (1979) L'Inhibition de l'ction: Biologie, physiologie, psychologie, sociologie, vol. 1. Paris: Masson et cie. [HL]Google Scholar

Laborit, H. (1981) Physiopathologie de l'inhibition et proposition d'une réponse thérapeutique originale. Agressologie 22(2):45–53. [HL]Google Scholar

Laborit, H., Baron, C., Ferran, C., Bonifacj, J.-F., Topall, G., & Henriet, I.nb(1980) Variations de la toxicité. du cadmium en rapport avec les possibilités de contrôle des situations environnementales par l'activitémotrice chez le rat. Agressologie 21(6):269–90. [HL]Google Scholar

Laborit, H., Brunaud, M., Savy, J.-M., Baron, C., Vallee, E., Lamothe, C., Thuret, F., Muyard, J.-P., & Calvino, B. (1972) Etude biochimique et pharmacologique du 3/2 morpholinoéthylamino 4-méthyl 6-phenyl pyridazine déchlorhydrate (Agr 1240), Agressologie 13(5):291–318. [HL]Google Scholar

Lader, M. (1975) The psychophysiology of mental illness. London: Routledge or Kegan Paul. [VH]Google Scholar

Lapin, I. P. & Oxenkrug, G. F. (1969) Intensification of the central serotonergic process as a possible determinant of the thymoleptic effect. Lancet 2:132–36. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lazarus, R. S. & Launier, R. (1978) Stress-related transactions between person and environment. In: Internal and External Determinants of Behavior, ed. Pervin, L. A. & Lewis, M.. New York: Plenum Press. [SRB, WPS]Google Scholar

Leconte, P. & Hennevin, E. (1981) Post-learning paradoxical sleep, reticular activation and noradrenergic activity. Physiology and Behavior 26:587–94. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Leff, M. J., Roatch, J. F., & Bunney, W. E. (1970) Environmental factors preceding the onset of severe depressions. Psychiatry 33:298–311. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Leshner, A. I. (1977) Hormones and emotion: In: Emotion, ed. Candland, D. K., Fell, J. P., Keen, E., Leshner, A. I., Plutchik, R., & Tarpy, R. M., pp. 85–148. Monterey: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. [AIL]Google Scholar

Leshner, A. I. (1978) An introduction to behavioral endocrinology. New York: Oxford University Press. [AIL]Google Scholar

Leshner, A. I. (1979) Kinds of hormonal effects on behavior: A new view. Neuroscicnce and Biobehavioral Reviews 3:69–73. [AIL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Levi, L. D., Fales, C. H., Stein, M., & Sharp, V. H. (1966) Separation and attempted suicide. Archives of General Psychiatry 15:158–65. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Levine, S., Madden, J., Conner, R. L., Moskal, J. R., & Anderson, D. C. (1973) Physiological and behavioral effects of prior aversive stimulation (preshock) in the rat. Physiology and Behavior 10:467–71. [RM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lewinsohn, P. M. & Amenson, C. S. (1978) Some relations between pleasant and unpleasant mood-related events and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87:644–54. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lewinsohn, P. M., Youngren, M. A., & Grosscup, S. J. (1979) Reinforcement and depression. In: The psychobiology of the depressive disorders, ed. Depue, R. A., pp. 291–316. New York: Academic Press. [KMN]Google Scholar

Lindemann, E. (1944) Symptomatology and management of acute grief. American Journal of Psychiatry 101:141–48. [SRB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lints, C. E., & Harvey, J. A. (1969) Drug induced reversal of brain damage in the rat. Physiology and Behavior 4:29–31. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lloyd, C. (1980a) Life events and depressive disorder reviewed: 1. Events as predisposing factors. Archives of General Psychiatry 37:529–35. [taHA, WPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lloyd, C. (1980b) Life events and depressive disorder reviewed: 2. Events as precipitating factors. Archives of General Psychiatry 37:541–48. [taHA, ATB, WPS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lloyd, K. G., Farley, J. J., Deck, G. H. N., & Hornykiewicz, O. (1974) Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in discrete areas of the brainstem of suicide victims and control patients. Advances in Biochemistry and Psychopharmacology 11:387–97. [taHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Luria, A. (1973) The working brain. New York: Basic Books. [RMB]Google Scholar

Lytle, L. D., Messing, R. B., Fisher, L., & Phebus, L. (1975) Effects of long-term corn consumption on brain serotonin and the response to electric shock. Science 190:692–94. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Maas, J. W. (1975) Catecholamines and depression: A further specification of the catecholamine hypothesis of the affective disorders. In: Catecholamines and behavior, vol. 2, ed. Friedhoff, A. J., pp. 119–34. New York: Plenum Press. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Maas, J. W., Fawcett, J. A., & Dekirmenjian, H. (1972) Catecholamine metabolism, depressive illness and drug response. Archives of General Psychiatry 26:252–61. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Maas, J. W., Dekirmenjian, H., Garver, D., Redman, D. E., & Landis, D. H. (1973) Excretion of catecholamine metabolites following intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in the macaca speciosa. European Journal of Pharmacology 23:121–30. [taHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Maas, J. W., Dekirmenjian, H., & Jones, F. (1973) The identification of depressed patients who have a disorder of norepinephrine metabolism and/or disposition. In: Frontiers of catecholamine research, ed. Usdin, E. & Snyder, S., pp. 1091–96. New York: Pergamon Press. [taHA]Google Scholar

Maas, J. W., Greene, N. M., Hattox, S. E., & Landis, D. H. (1979) Neurotransmitter metabolite production by human brain. In: Catecholamines: Basic and clinical frontiers, ed. Usdin, E., Kopin, I. J., & Barchas, J., pp. 1878–80. New York: Pergamon Press. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Maas, J. W. & Huang, Y. (1980) Noradrenergic function and depression: Too much or too little? Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 7:267–68. [tarHA, STM, DKR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mackintosh, N. J. (1965) Selective attention in animal discrimination learning. Psychological Bulletin 64:124–50. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Marañon, G. (1924) Contribution a l'étude de I'action émotive de l'adrénaline. Revue Française d'Endocrinologie 2:301–25. [AIL]Google Scholar

Mason, S. T. (1979a) Noradrenaline and behavior. Trends in Neuroscience 2:82–84. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mason, S. T. (1979b) Noradrenaline: Reward or extinction? Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews 3:1–10. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mason, S. T. (1980) Noradrenaline and selective attention: A review of the model and the evidence. Life Sciences 27:617–31. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mason, S. T. (1981) Noradrenaline in the brain: Progress in theories of behavioural function. Progress in Neurobiology (in press). [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mason, S. T. & Fibiger, H. C. (1978a) Evidence for a role of brain noradrenaline in attention and stimulus sampling. Brain Research 159:421–26. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mason, S. T. & Fibiger, H. C. (1978b) 6-OHDA lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle alters extinction of passive avoidance. Brain Research 152:209–14. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mason, S. T. & Fibiger, H. C. (1979) Noradrenaline and extinction of conditioned taste aversion. Behavioral and Neural Biology 25:206–16. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mason, S. T. & Iversen, S. D. (1975) Learning in the absence of forebrain noradrenaline. Nature 258:422–24. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mason, S. T. & Iversen, S. D. (1977) Effects of selective forebrain noradrenaline loss on behavioral inhibition in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 91:165–73. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mason, S. T. & Iversen, S. D. (1979) Theories of the dorsal bundle extinction effect. Brain Research Reviews 1:107–37. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

May, J. R. & Johnson, H. J. (1973) Physiological activity to internally elicited arousal and inhibitory thoughts. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 82:239–45. [ATB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McDonald, B. S., Pugh, W. M., Gunderson, E. K. E., & Rahe, R. H. (1972) Reliability of life change cluster scores. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 11:407–09. [RN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McLure, D. J. (1973) The role of dopamine depression. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal 18:309–12. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mendels, J., Fraser, A., Fitzgerald, R. G., Ramsay, T. A., & Stokes, J. W. (1972) Biogenic amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid in depressed and manic patients. Science 175:1380–82. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Miller, W. R. & Seligman, M. E. P. (1976) Learned helplessness, depression and the perception of reinforcement. Behavior Research and Therapy 14:7–17. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Modigh, K. (1976) Influence of social stress on brain catecholamine mechanisms. In: Catecholamines and stress, ed. Usdin, E., Kvetnansky, R., & Kopin, I. J., pp. 17–28. Oxford: Pergamon Press. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Morris, J. & Beck, A. (1974) The efficacy of antidepressant drugs: A review of research (1958–1972). Archives of General Psychiatry 30:667–74. [DLC]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Morrison, J., Hudgens, R., & Barchha, R. (1968) Life events and psychiatric illness. British Journal of Psychiatry 114:423–32. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Moruzzi, G. & Magoun, H. W. (1949) Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1:455–73. [RM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Munro, A. (1966) Parental deprivation in depressive patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 112:443–457. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Munro, A. & Griffiths, A. B. (1969) Some psychiatric nonsequelae of childhood bereavement. British Journal of Psychiatry 115:305–11. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Murison, R. & Isaksen, E. (1980) The effects of preshock on adrenocortical and somatic responses to later restraint stress. IRCS Medical Science 8:888–89. [RM]Google Scholar

Murphy, D. L., Campbell, I., & Costa, J. L. (1978) Current status of the indoleamine hypothesis of the affective disorders. In: Psychopharmacology: A generation of progress, ed. Lipton, M. A., DiMascio, A., & Killam, K. F., pp. 1235–48. New York: Raven Press. [taHA]Google Scholar

Nagayama, H., Hingtgen, J. N., & Aprison, M. H. (1980) Pre-and post-synaptic serotonergic manipulations in an animal model of depression. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 13:575–79. [JNH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nagayama, H., Hingtgen, J. N., & Aprison, M. H. (1981) Postsynaptic action by four antidepressive drugs in an animal model of depression. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 15:125–30. [JNH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Nakai, Y. & Takaori, S. (1974) Influence of norepinephrine-containing neurone derived from locus coeruleus on lateral geniculate neuronal activities in cats. Brain Research 71:47–60. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nordin, G., Ottosson, J. O., & Roos, B. E. (1971) Influence of convulsive therapy of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in cerebrospinal fluid in endogenous depression. Psychopharmacologia 20:315–20. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Olds, M. E., & Olds, J. (1962) Approach–escape interactions in rat brain. American Journal of Physiology 203:803–10. [KMN]Google ScholarPubMed

Olpe, H.-R. & Schellenberg, A. (1980) Reduced sensitivity of neurons to noradrenaline after chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs. European Journal of Pharmacology 63:7–13. [rHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Oswald, I., Brezinova, V., & Dunleavy, D. L. F. (1972) On the slowness of action of tricyclic antidepressant drugs. British Journal of Psychiatry 120:673–77. [GRH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Overall, J. E., Hollister, L. E., Pokorny, A. D., Casey, J. F., & Katz, G. (1962) Drug therapy in depressions: Controlled evaluation of imipramine, isocar-boxazid, dextroamphetamine, amobarbitol, and placebo. Clinical Pharmacology Therapeutics 3:16. [GRH]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Owen, S., Boarder, M. R., & Gray, J. A. (1977) The effects of depletion of forebrain noradrenaline on runway behavior in rats. Experimental Brain Research 28:R22–R23. [STM]Google Scholar

Palkovits, M., Brownstein, M., Kizer, J. S., Saavedra, J. M., & Kopin, I. J. (1976) Effect of stress on serotonin and tryptophan hydroxylase activity of brain nuclei. In: Catecholamines and stress, ed. Usdin, E., Kvetnansky, R., & Kopin, I. J., pp. 51–59. Oxford: Pergamon Press. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Papeschi, R. & McLure, D. J. (1971) Homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid in depressed patients. Archives of General Psychiatry 25:355–58. [taHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Pare, C. M. B., Yeung, D. P. H., Price, K., & Stacey, R. S. (1969) 5-hydroxytryptamine in brainstem, hypothalamus and caudate nucleus of controls and of patient committing suicide by coal-gas poisoning. Lancet 2:133–35. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Parkes, C. M. (1964) Recent bereavement as a cause of mental illness. British Journal of Psychiatry 110:198–204. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Paykel, E. S. (1974) Life stress and psychiatric disorder. In: Stressful life events: Their nature and effects, ed. Dohrenwend, B. S. & Dohrenwend, B. P.. New York: John Wiley. [taHA]Google Scholar

Paykel, E. S. (1976) Life stress, depression, and attempted suicide. Journal of Human Stress 2:3–12. [HSA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Paykel, E. S. (1979) Recent life events in the development of the depressive disorders. In: The psychobiology of the depressive disorders, ed. Depue, R. A., pp. 245–62. New York: Academic Press. [taHA, WPS]Google Scholar

Paykel, E. S., DiMascio, A., Haskell, D., & Prusoff, B. A. (1975) Effects of maintenance amitriptyline and psychotherapy on symptoms of depression. Psychological Medicine 5:67–77. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Paykel, E., Myers, J. K., Dienelt, M. N., Klerman, G. L., Lindenthal, J. J., & Pepper, M. P. (1969) Life events and depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 21:753–60. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Paykel, E. S., Prusoff, B. A., & Uhlenhuth, E. H. (1971) Scaling of life events. Archives of General Psychiatry 25:340–47. [taHA, WPS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Paykel, E. S. & Tanner, J. (1976) Life events, depressive relapse and maintenance treatment. Psychological Medicine 6:481–85. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Payne, R. W., Ancevich, S. S., & Laverty, S. G. (1963) Overinelusive thinking in symptom-free schizophrenics. Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal 8:225–34. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Payne, R. W. & Friedlander, D. (1962) A battery of simple tests for measuring overinelusive thinking. Journal of Mental Science 108:362–67. [STM]Google ScholarPubMed

Peters, D. A. V., Anisman, H. & Pappas, B. A. (1978) Monoamines and aversively motivated behaviors. In: Psychopharmacology of aversively motivated behaviors, ed. Anisman, H. & Bignami, G., pp. 257–343. New York: Plenum Press. [rHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Petty, F. & Sherman, A. D. (1980a) Reversal of learned helplessness by imipramine. Communications in Psychopharmacology 3:371. [ADS]Google Scholar

Petty, F. & Sherman, A. D. (1980b) A neurochemical differentiation between exposure to stress and evelopment of learned helplessness. Drug Development Research (in Press). [ADS]Google Scholar

Pisa, M. & Fibiger, H. C. (1980) Noradrenaline and discrimination learning: Failure to support the attentional hypothesis. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 6:724. [rHA]Google Scholar

Plaznik, A. & Kostowski, W. (1980) Locus coeruleus lesions and avoidance behaviour in rats. Acta Neurobiology Experentia 40:217–25. [STM]Google ScholarPubMed

Poschel, B. P. H. & Ninteman, F. W. (1971) Intracranial reward and the forebrain's serotonergic mechanism: Studies employing para chlorophenylalanine and para-chloroamphetamine. Physiology and Behavior 7:39–46. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Post, R. M. (1978) Frontiers in affective disorder research: New pharmacological agents and new methodologies. In: Psychopharmacology: A generation of progress, ed. Lipton, M. A., DiMascio, A., & Killma, K. F., pp. 1323–36. New York: Raven Press. [taHA]Google Scholar

Post, R. M., & Goodwin, F. K. (1978) Approaches to brain amines in psychiatric patients: A reevaluation of cerebrospinal fluid studies. In: Handbook of Psychopharmacology, vol. 13, ed. Iversen, L. L., Iversen, S. D., & Snyder, S. H.. New York: Plenum Press. [taHA]Google Scholar

Post, R. M., Gordon, E. K., Goodwin, F. K., & Bunney, W. E. Jr. (1973) Central norepinephrine metabolism in affective illness: MHPG in the cerebrospinal fluid. Science 179:1002–03. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Post, R. M., Jimerson, D. C., Reus, V. I., Goodwin, F. K., Silberman, E., & Bunney, W. E. (1979) Dopaminergic agents in affective illness: Studies with pirebidil, amphetamine, and pimozide. In: Catecholamines: Basic and clinical frontiers, vol. 2, ed. Usdin, E., Kopin, I. J., & Barchas, J., pp. 1899–1901. New York: Pergamon Press. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Post, R. M., Kopin, J., & Goodwin, F. K. (1974) The effects of cocaine on depressed patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 131:511–17. [GRH]Google ScholarPubMed

Post, R. M., Kotin, J. K., Goodwin, F. K., & Gordon, E. K. (1973) Psychomotor activity and cerebrospinal fluid amine metabolites in affective illness. American Journal of Psychiatry 130:67–72. [taHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Prange, A., Wilson, I., Lynn, C. W. et al. (1974) L-tryptophan in mania: Contribution to a permissive hypothesis of affective disorders. Archives of Gentral Psychiatry 30:56–62. [KMN, WTM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rabkin, J. G. & Streuning, E. L. (1976) Life events, stress, and illness. Science 194:1013–20. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rahe, R. H., Romo, M., Bennett, L., & Siltanen, P. (1974) Recent life changes, myocardial infarction, and abrupt coronary death. Internal Medicine 133:221–28. [RN]Google ScholarPubMed

Ray, O. S. & Barrett, R. J. (1975) Behavioral, pharmacological and biochemical analysis of genetic differences in rats. Behavioral Biology 15:391–418. [taHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Redmond, D. E. Jr & Huang, Y. H. (1979) New evidence for a locus coeruleus-norepinephrine connection with anxiety. Life Sciences 25:2149–62. [rHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rennie, T. C. (1942) Prognosis in manic-depressive psychoses. American Journal of Psychiatry 98:801–14. [DL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Reynolds, S. H., ed. (1892) The table talk of John Selden. London: Oxford University Press. [RN]Google Scholar

Ridley, R. M., Haystead, T. A. J., Baker, H. F., & Crow, T. J. (1981) A new approach to the role of noradrenaline in learning: Problem-solving in the marmoset after alpha-noradrenergic receptor blockade. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior 14:849–55. [STM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rimm, D. C. & Litvak, S. B. (1969) Self-verbalization and emotional arousal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 74:181–87. [ATB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ritter, S. & Pelzer, N. L.Magnitude of stress-induced brain norepinephrine depletion varies with age. Brain Research 152:170–75. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ritter, S., Pelzer, N. L., & Ritter, R. C. (1978) Absence of glucoprivic feeding after stress suggests impairment of noradrenergic neuron function. Brain Research 149:399–411. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Roberts, D. C. S., Price, M. T. C., & Fibiger, H. C. (1976) The dorsal tegmental noradrenergic projection: Analysis of its role in maze learning. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 90:363–72. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rogers, T. & Craighead, W. E. (1977) Physiological responses to selfstatements: The effects of statement valence and discrepancy. Cognitive Therapy and Research 1:99–120. [ATB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Roos, B. E., & Sjostrom, R. (1969) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (and homovanillic acid) levels in the CSF after probenecid application in patients with manic depressive psychosis. Clinical Pharmacology 1:153–55. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rosenthal, T. L. (1980) Social cueing processes. In: Progress in behavior modification, ed. Hersen, M., Eisler, R., & Miller, P. M., vol. 10, pp. 111–46. New York: Academic Press. [TLR]Google Scholar

Rosenthal, T. L. (in press) On the significance of differences between social learning and cognitive-behavioral conceptions: Type I and type II errors. In: Handbook of behavior therapy, ed. Franks, C. M. & Wilson, G. T.. New York: Guilford Press. [TLR]Google Scholar

Rosenthal, T. L., Akiskal, H. S., Scott-Strauss, A., Rosenthal, R. H., & David, M. (1981) Familial and developmental factors in charaeterological depressions. Journal of Affective Disorders 3:183–92. [TLR]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rosenthal, T. L. & Bandura, A. (1978) Psychological modeling: Theory and practice. In: Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change, ed. Garfield, S. L. & Bergin, A. E., 2nd ed., pp. 621–58. New York: Wiley. [TLR]Google Scholar

Rosloff, B. N. & Davis, J. M. (1974) Effects of iprindole on norepinephrine turnover and transport. Psychopharmacologia (Berl.) 40:53–64. [GRH]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Roy, A. (1978) Vulnerability factors and depression in women. Psychiatry 133:106–10. [taHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Russell, P. L. & Brandsma, J. M. (1974) A theoretical and empirical investigation of the rational–emotive and classical conditioning theories. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 42:389–97. [ATB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sachar, E. J. & Coppen, A. J. (1975) Biological aspects of affective psychoses. In: Biology of brain dysfunction, ed. Gaull, G. E., pp. 215–45. New York: Plenum Press. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sachar, E. J., Hellman, L., Roffwarg, H. et al. (1973) Disrupted 24-hour patterns of Cortisol secretion in psychotic depression. Archives of General Psychiatry 28:19–24. [JED]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Salzinger, K., Portnoy, S., & Feldman, R. S. (1966) In: Psychopathology of schizophrenia, ed. Hoch, P. H. & Zubin, J.. New York: Grune & Stratton. [STM]Google Scholar

Sasa, M., & Takaori, S. (1973) Influence of the locus coeruleus on transmission in the spinal trigeminal nucleus neurons. Brain Research 55:20308. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schildkraut, J. J. (1965) The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders: A review of supporting evidence. American Journal of Psychiatry 122:509–22. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schildkraut, J. J. (1970) Neuropsychopharmacology and the affective disorders. Boston: Little Brown. [taHA]Google Scholar

Schildkraut, J. J. (1973) Norepinephrine metabolites as biochemical criteria for classifying depressive disorders and predicting responses to treatment: Preliminary findings. American Journal of Psychiatry 130:695–99. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schildkraut, J. J. (1974) Biogenic amines and affective disorders. Annual Review of Medicine 25:333–48. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schildkraut, J. J. (1978) Current status of the catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders. In: Psychopharmacology: A generation of progress, ed. Lipton, M. A., DiMascio, A., & Killam, K. F., pp. 1223–34. New York: Raven Press. [taHA, GWK]Google Scholar

Schildkraut, J. J. (1978) Current status of the catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders. In: Progress in neuropsychopharmacology, vol. 2, pp. 5–31. Oxford: Pergamon Press. [JED]Google Scholar

Schildkraut, J. J., Keeler, B. A., Grob, E. L., Kantrowich, J., & Hartmann, E. (1973) MHPG excretion as clinical classification in depression. Lancet 1:1251–52. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schildkraut, J. J., Orsulak, P. J., Schatzberg, A. F., Gudeman, J. E., Cole, J. O., LaBrie, R. A., & Rohde, W. A. (1979) Biochemical discrimination of subtypes of depressive disorders. In: Catecholamines: Basic and clinical frontiers, vol. 2, ed. Usdin, E., Kopin, I. J., & Barchas, J., pp. 1860–62. New York: Pergamon Press. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schildkraut, J. J., Winokur, A., & Applegate, C. W. (1970) Norepinephrine turnover and metabolism in rat brain after long-term administration of imipramine. Science 1168:867–69. [taHA]Google Scholar

Schless, A. P. & Mendels, J. (1978) The value of interviewing family and friends in assessing life stressors. Archives of General Psychiatry 35:565–67. [RN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schmale, A. H. (1958) Relationship of separation and depression to disease. Psychosomatic Medicine 20:259. [SRB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schuster, D. H. & Schuster, L. (1969) Study of stress and sex ratio in humans. Proceedings, 77th Annual Convention, APA, pp. 335–336. [SRB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Segal, D. S., Kuczenski, R., & Mandell, A. J. (1974) Theoretical implications of a drug-induced adaptive regulation for a biogenic amine hypothesis of affective disorder. Biological Psychiatry 9:147–59. [taHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Segal, M. & Sandberg, D. (1977) Analgesia produced by electrical stimulation of catecholamine nuclei in the rat brain. Brain Research 123:369–72. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Seiden, L. S. (1976) The role of catecholamines in the action of drugs affecting behavior. Pharmacological Therapy 2:155–65. [KMN]Google ScholarPubMed

Seligman, M. E. P. (1975) Helplessness: On depression, development and death. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. [taHA, JED]Google Scholar

Seligman, M. E. P. & Groves, D. (1970) Non-transient learned helplessness. Psuchonomic Science 19:191–92. [DKR]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Seligman, M. E. P., Klein, D. C., & Miller, W. R. (1976) Depression. In: Handbook of behavior modification and behavior therapy, ed. Leitenberg, H.. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. [taHA]Google Scholar

Seligman, M. E. P. & Maier, S. F. (1967) Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology 74:1. [ADS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Seligman, M. E. P., Weiss, J. M., Weinraub, M., & Schulman, A. (1980) Coping behavior: Learned helplessness, physiological change and learned inactivity. Behavior Research & Therapy 18:459–512. [DKR]Google ScholarPubMed

Selye, H. (1936) A syndrome produced by diverse nocuous agents. Nature 138:32. [RM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Selye, H. (1973) The evolution of the stress concept. American Scientist 61:692–99. [taHA, DdeC]Google ScholarPubMed

Serra, G., Argiolas, A., Fadda, F. & Gessa, G. L. (1980) Hyposensitivity of dopamine “autoreeeptors” induced by chronic administration of tricyclic antidepressants. Pharmacological Research Communications 12:619–24. [rHA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sethi, B. B. (1964) Relationship of separation to depression. Archives of Psychiatry 10:486–96. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Shaw, D. M., Kemps, F. E., & Eeelestone, E. J. (1967) 5-hydroxytryptamine in hindbrain of depressive suicides. British Journal of Psychiatry 113:1407–11. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sherman, A. D. & Petty, F. (1980) Neurochemical basis of the action of antidepressants on learned helplessness. Behavioral and Neural Biology 30:119–34. [tarHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Shopsin, B., Janowsky, D., Davis, J., & Gershon, S. (1975) Rebound phenomena in manic patients following physostigmine: Towards an understanding of the aminergic mechanisms underlying affective disorders. In: Neurotransmitter balances regulating behavior, ed. Domino, E. F. & Davis, J. M., pp. 149–58. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. [taHA]Google Scholar

Shopsin, B., Wilk, S., Cershon, S., Davis, K., & Suhl, M. (1973) An assessment of norepinephrine metabolism in affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 28:230–33. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sitaram, N., Nurnberger, J. I. Jr, Cershon, E. S., & Gillin, J. C. (1980) Faster cholinergic REM sleep induction in euthymic patients with primary affective illness. Science 208:200–02. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sitaram, N., Weingartner, H., & Gillin, J. C. (1978) Human serial learning: Enhancement with arecholine and choline and impairment with scopolamine. Science 201:274–76. [KMN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Skirboll, L. R., Grace, A. A., & Bunney, B. S. (1979) Dopamine auto and postsynaptic receptors: Electrophysiological evidence for differential sensitivity to dopamine agonists. Science 206:80–82. [JWK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sklar, L. S. & Anisman, H. (1980) Social stress influences tumor growth. Psychosomatic Medicine 42:347–65. [taHA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sklar, L. S. & Anisman, H. (1981) Stress and cancer. Psychological Bulletin 89:369–406. [tarHA]Google ScholarPubMed

Slater, S. & Roth, M. (1969) Mayer Gross clinical psychiatry. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. [taHA]Google Scholar

Smith, R. D., Cooper, B. P., & Breese, G. R. (1973) Growth and behavioral changes in developing rats treated intracisternally with 6-hydroxydopamine: evidence for involvement of brain dopamine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 185:609–19. [STM]Google ScholarPubMed

Snyder, S. (1974) Madness and the brain. New York: McGraw-Hill. [DL]Google Scholar

Sobrian, S. K. & Cornwell-Jones, C. (1977) Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine alters olfactory development. Behavioral Biology 21:329–40. [STM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed