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Classical conditioning: The new hegemony

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Jaylan Sheila Turkkan
Jaylan Sheila Turkkan
Affiliation:
Division of Behavioral Biology, Department of Psychiatiy and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 Electronic mail: med_bjst@jhuvms.bitnet
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Abstract

Converging data from different disciplines are showing the role of classical conditioning processes in the elaboration of human and animal behavior to be larger than previously supposed. Restricted views of classically conditioned responses as merely secretory, reflexive, or emotional are giving way to a broader conception that includes problem-solving, and other rule-governed behavior thought to be the exclusive province of either operant conditiońing or cognitive psychology. These new views have been accompanied by changes in the way conditioning is conducted and evaluated. Data from a number of seemingly unrelated phenomena such as relapse to drug abuse by postaddicts, the placebo effect, and the immune response appear to involve classical conditioning processes. Classical conditioning, moreover, has been found to occur in simpler and simpler organisms and recently even demonstrated in brain slices and in utero. This target article will integrate the several research areas that have used the classical conditioning process as an explanatory model; it will challenge teleological interpretations of the classically conditioned CR and offer some basic principles for testing conditioning in diverse areas.

Keywords

analgesiaassociationautoshapingcardiovascular conditioningclassical conditioningdrug relapsefeedingimmune responselanguagelearningmemoryPavlovianplacebotaste aversion
Type
Target Articles
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , March 1989 , pp. 121 - 137
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

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