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Quantification of ikaite in Antarctic sea ice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 December 2012

Michael Fischer ,
David N. Thomas ,
Andreas Krell ,
Gernot Nehrke ,
Jörg Göttlicher ,
Louiza Norman ,
Klaus M. Meiners ,
Catherine Riaux-Gobin  and
Gerhard S. Dieckmann
Michael Fischer*
Affiliation:
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
David N. Thomas
Affiliation:
Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK Marine Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), PO Box 140, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Andreas Krell
Affiliation:
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Gernot Nehrke
Affiliation:
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
Jörg Göttlicher
Affiliation:
Institute of Synchrotron Radiation (ISS), Synchrotron Radiation Source ANKA, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Louiza Norman
Affiliation:
Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
Klaus M. Meiners
Affiliation:
Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Co-operative Research Centre, Private Bag 80, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
Catherine Riaux-Gobin
Affiliation:
USR3278, CRIOBE, CNRS-EPHE, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
Gerhard S. Dieckmann
Affiliation:
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
*
michael.fischer@awi.de
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Abstract

Calcium carbonate precipitation in sea ice is thought to potentially drive significant CO2 uptake by the ocean. However, little is known about the quantitative spatial and temporal distribution of CaCO3 within sea ice, although it is hypothesized that high quantities of dissolved organic matter and/or phosphate (common in sea ice) may inhibit its formation. In this quantitative study of hydrous calcium carbonate as ikaite, sea ice cores and brine samples were collected from pack and land fast sea ice between September and December 2007 during two expeditions, one in the East Antarctic sector and the other off Terre Adélie. Samples were analysed for CaCO3, salinity, dissolved organic carbon/nitrogen, inorganic phosphate, and total alkalinity. No relationship between these parameters and CaCO3 precipitation was evident. Ikaite was found mostly in the uppermost layers of sea ice with maximum concentrations of up to 126 mg ikaite per litre melted sea ice being measured, although both the temporal and horizontal spatial distributions of ikaite were highly heterogeneous. The precipitate was also found in the snow on top of the sea ice at some of the sampling locations.

Keywords

biogeochemistrybrinecalcium carbonate precipitationinorganic carbon cyclenutrientsSouthern Ocean

Information

Type
Physical Sciences
Information
Antarctic Science , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , June 2013 , pp. 421 - 432
Copyright
Copyright © Antarctic Science Ltd 2012 

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