Hostname: page-component-5b777bbd6c-cp4x8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-06-22T14:52:14.476Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Changes in milk performance and hepatic metabolism in mid-lactating dairy goats after being fed a high concentrate diet for 10 weeks

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2016

H. B. Dong ,
L. L. Sun ,
R. H. Cong ,
S. Y. Tao ,
Y. Q. DuanMu ,
J. Tian ,
Y. D. Ni  and
R. Q. Zhao
H. B. Dong
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
L. L. Sun
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
R. H. Cong
Affiliation:
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shannxi, China
S. Y. Tao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
Y. Q. DuanMu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
J. Tian
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
Y. D. Ni*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
R. Q. Zhao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
*
†E-mail: niyingdong@njau.edu.cn
Get access

Abstract

Feeding a high concentrate (HC) diet is a widely used strategy for supporting high milk yields, yet it may cause certain metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the changes in milk production and hepatic metabolism in goats fed different proportions of concentrate in the diet for 10 weeks. In total, 12 mid-lactating goats were randomly assigned to an HC diet (65% concentrate of dry matter, n=6) or a low concentrate (LC) diet (35% concentrate of dry matter, n=6). Compared with LC, HC goats produced greater amounts of volatile fatty acids and produced more milk and milk lactose, fat and protein (P<0.01). HC goats showed a greater concentration of ATP, NAD, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and hepatic triglycerides than LC goats (P<0.05). Real-time PCR results showed that messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of gluconeogenic genes, namely, glucose-6-phosphatase, pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were significantly up-regulated and accompanied greater gluconeogenic enzyme activities in the liver of HC goats. Moreover, the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, fatty acid synthase and diacylglycerol acyltransferase mRNA was also up-regulated by the HC diet (P<0.05). HC goats had greater hepatic phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase than LC (P<0.05). Furthermore, histone-3-lysine-27-acetylation contributed to this elevation of gluconeogenic gene expression. These results indicate that lactating goats fed an HC diet for 10 weeks produced more milk, which was associated with up-regulated gene expression and enzyme activities involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis.

Keywords

milk performancegluconeogenesislipogenesishigh concentrate dietlactating dairy goats
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 11 , Issue 3 , March 2017 , pp. 418 - 425
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Alegre, M, Ciudad, CJ, Fillat, C and Guinovart, JJ 1988. Determination of glucose-6-phosphatase activity using the glucose dehydrogenase-coupled reaction. Analytical Biochemistry 173, 185–189.Google Scholar
Al-Trad, B, Wittek, T, Penner, GB, Reisberg, K, Gabel, G, Furll, M and Aschenbach, JR 2010. Expression and activity of key hepatic gluconeogenesis enzymes in response to increasing intravenous infusions of glucose in dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 88, 2998–3008.Google Scholar
Andreelli, F, Foretz, M, Knauf, C, Cani, PD, Perrin, C, Iglesias, MA, Pillot, B, Bado, A, Tronche, F, Mithieux, G, Vaulont, S, Burcelin, R and Viollet, B 2006. Liver adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase-alpha2 catalytic subunit is a key target for the control of hepatic glucose production by adiponectin and leptin but not insulin. Endocrinology 147, 2432–2441.Google Scholar
Aschenbach, JR, Kristensen, NB, Donkin, SS, Hammon, HM and Penner, GB 2010. Gluconeogenesis in dairy cows: the secret of making sweet milk from sour dough. IUBMB Life 62, 869–877.Google Scholar
Beauchemin, KA, Eriksen, L, Norgaard, P and Rode, LM 2008. Short communication: salivary secretion during meals in lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 2077–2081.Google Scholar
Bernard, L, Leroux, C, Rouel, J, Bonnet, M and Chilliard, Y 2012. Effect of the level and type of starchy concentrate on tissue lipid metabolism, gene expression and milk fatty acid secretion in Alpine goats receiving a diet rich in sunflower-seed oil. The British Journal of Nutrition 107, 1147–1159.Google Scholar
Bobe, G, Young, JW and Beitz, DC 2004. Invited review: pathology, etiology, prevention, and treatment of fatty liver in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 3105–3124.Google Scholar
Cai, D, Jia, Y, Song, H, Sui, S, Lu, J, Jiang, Z and Zhao, R 2014. Betaine supplementation in maternal diet modulates the epigenetic regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic genes in neonatal piglets. PloS One 9, e105504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daly, JA and Ertingshausen, G 1972. Direct method for determining inorganic phosphate in serum with the ‘CentrifiChem’. Clinical Chemistry 18, 263–265.Google Scholar
Dong, G, Liu, S, Wu, Y, Lei, C, Zhou, J and Zhang, S 2011. Diet-induced bacterial immunogens in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows: impacts on immunity and metabolism. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 53, 48.Google Scholar
Dong, H, Wang, S, Jia, Y, Ni, Y, Zhang, Y, Zhuang, S, Shen, X and Zhao, R 2013. Long-term effects of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) on milk quality and hepatic gene expression in lactating goats fed a high-concentrate diet. PloS One 8, e82850.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dougherty, RW, Coburn, KS, Cook, HM and Allison, MJ 1975. Preliminary study of appearance of endotoxin in circulatory system of sheep and cattle after induced grain engorgement. American Journal of Veterinary Research 36, 831–832.Google Scholar
Enemark, JM 2008. The monitoring, prevention and treatment of sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA): a review. Veterinary Journal 176, 32–43.Google Scholar
Giger-Reverdin, S, Rigalma, K, Desnoyers, M, Sauvant, D and Duvaux-Ponter, C 2014. Effect of concentrate level on feeding behavior and rumen and blood parameters in dairy goats: relationships between behavioral and physiological parameters and effect of between-animal variability. Journal of Dairy Science 97, 4367–4378.Google Scholar
Grummer, RR 1993. Etiology of lipid-related metabolic disorders in periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 3882–3896.Google Scholar
Hardie, DG, Ross, FA and Hawley, SA 2012. AMPK: a nutrient and energy sensor that maintains energy homeostasis. Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology 13, 251–262.Google Scholar
Jia, Y, Li, R, Cong, R, Yang, X, Sun, Q, Parvizi, N and Zhao, R 2013. Maternal low-protein diet affects epigenetic regulation of hepatic mitochondrial DNA transcription in a sex-specific manner in newborn piglets associated with GR binding to its promoter. PloS One 8, e63855.Google Scholar
Jia, YY, Wang, SQ, Ni, YD, Zhang, YS, Zhuang, S and Shen, XZ 2014. High concentrate-induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) increases plasma acute phase proteins (APPs) and cortisol in goats. Animal 8, 1433–1438.Google Scholar
Keunen, JE, Plaizier, JC, Kyriazakis, L, Duffield, TF, Widowski, TM, Lindinger, MI and McBride, BW 2002. Effects of a subacute ruminal acidosis model on the diet selection of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 3304–3313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khafipour, E, Krause, DO and Plaizier, JC 2009. Alfalfa pellet-induced subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows increases bacterial endotoxin in the rumen without causing inflammation. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 1712–1724.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleen, JL, Hooijer, GA, Rehage, J and Noordhuizen, JP 2003. Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA): a review. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A, Physiology, Pathology, Clinical Medicine 50, 406–414.Google Scholar
Krause, KM and Oetzel, GR 2005. Inducing subacute ruminal acidosis in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 3633–3639.Google Scholar
Li, X, Chen, H, Guan, Y, Li, X, Lei, L, Liu, J, Yin, L, Liu, G and Wang, Z 2013. Acetic acid activates the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway to regulate lipid metabolism in bovine hepatocytes. PloS One 8, e67880.Google Scholar
Livak, KJ and Schmittgen, TD 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods 25, 402–408.Google Scholar
Nagaraja, TG, Fina, LR, Bartley, EE and Anthony, HD 1978. Endotoxic activity of cell-free rumen fluid from cattle fed hay or grain. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 24, 1253–1261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nocek, JE 1997. Bovine acidosis: implications on laminitis. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1005–1028.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pershing, RA, Moore, SD, Dinges, AC, Thatcher, WW and Badinga, L 2002. Short communication: hepatic gene expression for gluconeogenic enzymes in lactating dairy cows treated with bovine somatotropin. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 504–506.Google Scholar
Peterson, DG, Matitashvili, EA and Bauman, DE 2004. The inhibitory effect of trans-10, cis-12 CLA on lipid synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells involves reduced proteolytic activation of the transcription factor SREBP-1. The Journal of Nutrition 134, 2523–2527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Plaizier, JC, Krause, DO, Gozho, GN and McBride, BW 2008. Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows: the physiological causes, incidence and consequences. Veterinary Journal 176, 21–31.Google Scholar
Sejersen, H, Sorensen, MT, Larsen, T, Bendixen, E and Ingvartsen, KL 2012. Liver protein expression in dairy cows with high liver triglycerides in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 95, 2409–2421.Google Scholar
Tao, S, Duanmu, Y, Dong, H, Tian, J, Ni, Y and Zhao, R 2014. A high-concentrate diet induced colonic epithelial barrier disruption is associated with the activating of cell apoptosis in lactating goats. BMC Veterinary Research 10, 235.Google Scholar
Tao, S, Tian, J, Cong, R, Sun, L, Duanmu, Y, Dong, H, Ni, Y and Zhao, R 2015. Activation of cellular apoptosis in the caecal epithelium is associated with increased oxidative reactions in lactating goats after feeding a high-concentrate diet. Experimental Physiology 100, 278–287.Google Scholar
Vanhatalo, A, Varvikko, T and Huhtanen, P 2003. Effects of various glucogenic sources on production and metabolic responses of dairy cows fed grass silage-based diets. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 3249–3259.Google Scholar
van Knegsel, AT, van den Brand, H, Dijkstra, J, Tamminga, S and Kemp, B 2005. Effect of dietary energy source on energy balance, production, metabolic disorders and reproduction in lactating dairy cattle. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 45, 665–688.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, WZ and Beauchemin, KA 2006. Effects of physically effective fiber on chewing activity and ruminal pH of dairy cows fed diets based on barley silage. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 217–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yang, W, Shen, Z and Martens, H 2012. An energy-rich diet enhances expression of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1 and 3 messenger RNA in rumen epithelium of goat. Journal of Animal Science 90, 307–317.Google Scholar
Young, JW 1977. Gluconeogenesis in cattle: significance and methodology. Journal of Dairy Science 60, 1–15.Google Scholar
Zhao, FQ and Keating, AF 2007. Expression and regulation of glucose transporters in the bovine mammary gland. Journal of Dairy Science 90 (suppl. 1), E76–E86.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Dong supplementary material

Table S1

Download Dong supplementary material(File)
File 170 KB