Hostname: page-component-68c7f8b79f-gnk9b Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-12-19T04:29:35.435Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of partial replacement of soybean meal with other protein sources in diets of lactating cows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 November 2018

M. S. Miranda Open the ORCID record for M. S. Miranda [Opens in a new window] ,
J. R. P. Arcaro ,
A. Saran Netto ,
S. L. Silva ,
M. G. Pinheiro  and
P. R. Leme
M. S. Miranda*
Affiliation:
Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13635900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
J. R. P. Arcaro
Affiliation:
Instituto de Zootecnia, 13380011, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, Brazil
A. Saran Netto
Affiliation:
Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13635900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
S. L. Silva
Affiliation:
Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13635900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
M. G. Pinheiro
Affiliation:
Instituto de Zootecnia, 13380011, Nova Odessa, São Paulo, Brazil
P. R. Leme
Affiliation:
Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13635900, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
*
†E-mail: mamiranda@usp.br
Get access

Abstract

The protein nutrition of dairy cows is of great importance because of its direct influence on milk production, reproductive efficiency, and feeding cost. Eight first-lactation Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two contemporary 4 × 4 Latin squares in a 2 × 2 factorial design to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with yeast-derived microbial protein (YMP) as a protein source (0% or 1.5% of dry matter (DM)) and its combination with slow-release urea (SRU; 0% or 0.75% of DM) on DM intake and milk production and composition, as well as blood parameters and nitrogen balance. Each experimental period lasted 28 days, with 21 days of adaptation and 7 days of data collection. The diets were formulated to attend the nutritional recommendations of the National Research Council and consisted of 49% forage (47% corn silage and 2% Tifton hay) and 51% concentrate, with 16.8% CP and 1.6 Mcal net energy for lactation/kg DM. For diets without YMP, the inclusion of SRU decreased DM intake, milk production as well as N intake and balance, but did not affect efficiency of production, milk composition or most of blood parameters. On the contrary, for diets with YMP, DM intake and milk production were increased by inclusion of SRU, while minor effects were observed for milk efficiency and composition, blood parameters as well as N intake, excretion and balance. When diets with SRU were compared, the inclusion of YMP increased DM intake, 4% fat-corrected milk, and N intake and balance (P<0.05), with no differences in milk production (kg/day), milk energy, efficiency of milk production or most of the blood parameters. For diets without SRU, YMP inclusion decreased DM intake, milk production, milk energy, N intake, fecal N and N balance (P<0.05), with no effects on milk efficiency and composition, or most of blood parameters. In conclusion, the use of YMP, SRU or both as partial substitutes of soybean meal in the diet of lactating cows has no negative effects on productivity parameters.

Keywords

nitrogen balancemilk compositionblood parametermilk productionslow-release urea

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 13 , Issue 7 , July 2019 , pp. 1403 - 1411
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Akay, V, Tikofsky, J, Holtz, C and Dawson, KA 2004. Optigen® 1200: controlled release of non-protein nitrogen in the rumen. In Proceedings of Alltech’s 20th Annual Symposium: Re-Imagining the Feed Industry, 23–26 May 2004, Lexington, KY, USA, pp. 179–185.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) 1990. Official methods of analysis, volume 1, 15th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 2005. Official methods of analysis, 18th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Bequette, BJ, Backwell, FRC and Crompton, LA 1998. Current concepts of amino acid and protein metabolism in the mammary gland of the lactating ruminant. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 2540–2559.Google Scholar
Chizzotti, ML, Valadares Filho, SC, Valadares, RFD, Chizotti, HL and Tedesch, LO 2008. Determination of creatinine excretion and evaluation of spot urine sampling in Holstein cattle. Livestock Science 113, 218–225.10.1016/j.livsci.2007.03.013Google Scholar
Das, LK, Kalahandi, K and India, O 2014. Metabolizable protein systems in ruminant nutrition: a review. Veterinary World 7, 622–629.Google Scholar
Gonçalves, GS, Pedreira, MS, Pereira, MLA, Santos, DO, Souza, DD and Porto Junior, AF 2014. Nitrogen metabolism and microbial production of dairy cows fed sugarcane and nitrogen compounds. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 15, 48–61.10.1590/S1519-99402014000100009Google Scholar
Kalscheur, KF, Vandersall, JH, Erdman, RA, Kohn, RA and Russek-Cohen, E 1999. Effects of dietary crude protein concentration and degradability on milk production responses of early, mid, and late lactation dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 545–554.Google Scholar
Migliano, MEDA, Silano, C, Martins, CMMR, Arcari, MA and Santos, MV 2016. Effect of dietary nitrogen source and crude protein content on nitrogen balance and lactating performance of dairy cows. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 53, 72–87.Google Scholar
National Forage Testing Association (NFTA) 2006. Moisture task force report, 2.2.2.5 laboratory dry matter by oven drying for 3 hours at 105°C. Retrieved on 11 June 2018 from http://www.foragetesting.org/files/NFTAReferenceMethodDM-09-18-06.pdf.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 2001. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, 7th edition. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Neal, K, Eun, JS, Young, AJ, Mjoun, K and Hall, JO 2014. Feeding protein supplements in alfalfa hay-based lactation diets improves nutrient utilization, lactational performance, and feed efficiency of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 12, 7716–7728.Google Scholar
Oliveira, AS, Valadares, RFD and Valadares Filho, SC 2001. Intake, apparent digestibility, milk composition and production of lactating cows fed four non-protein nitrogen compounds levels. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 30, 1358–1366.Google Scholar
Pereira, KP, Véras, ASC, Ferreira, MA., Batista, AMV, Marques, KA and Fotius, ACA 2007. Nitrogen balance and endogenous losses in cattle and buffaloes fed with increasing levels of concentrate. Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences 29, 433–440.Google Scholar
Pina, DS, Valadares Filho, SC, Valadares, RFD, Campos, JMS, Detmann, E, Marcondes, MI, Oliveira, AS and Teixeira, RMA 2006. Intake, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, and milk yield and composition of dairy cows fed diets supplemented with different protein sources. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 4, 1543–1551.Google Scholar
Sabbia, JA, Kalscheur, KF, Garcia, AD, Gehman, AM and Tricarico, JM 2012. Soybean meal substitution with a yeast-derived microbial protein source in dairy cow diets. Journal of Dairy Science 95, 5888–5900.10.3168/jds.2011-5237Google Scholar
Santos, JF, Dias Júnior, GS, Bitencourt, LL, Lopes, NM, Siécola Júnior, S, Silva, JRM, Pereira, RAN and Pereira, MN 2011. Response of lactating cows to the partial replacement of soybean meal by encapsulated urea. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 63, 423–432.Google Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. 2009. SAS/STAT(r) 9.2 user’s guide. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Schwab, CG 1994. Optimizing amino acid nutrition for optimum yield of milk and milk protein. In Proceedings of the Southwest Nutrition and Management Conference, February 1994, Tucson, University of Arizona, pp. 114–132.Google Scholar
Singh, P, Kumar, R, Sabapathy, SN and Bawa, AS 2008. Functional and edible uses of soy protein products. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 7, 14–28.Google Scholar
Souza, VL, Almeida, R, Silva, DFF, Piekarski, PRB, Jesus, CP and Pereira, MN 2010. Effects of partial replacement of soybean meal by protected urea on milk yield and composition. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 62, 1415–1422.Google Scholar
Susmel, P, Sphangero, M, Stefanon, B and Mills, CR 1995. Nitrogen balance and partitioning of some nitrogen catabolites in milk and urine of lactating cows. Livestock. Production Science 44, 207–219.Google Scholar
Tamminga, SA 1992. Nutrition management of dairy cows as a contribution to pollution control. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 345–357.Google Scholar
Thrall, MA, Weiser, G, Allison, RW and Campbell, TW 2012. Hematology and clinical chemistry veterinary, 2th edition. Roca, São Paulo, Brazil.Google Scholar
Tsiamadis, V, Panousis, N, Kritsepi-Konstantinou, M, Arsenous, G and Valergakes, GE 2016. Genetic parameters of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and potassium serum concentrations during the first 8 days after calving in Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 99, 5535–5544.Google Scholar
Ulbrich, M, Hoffmann, M and Drochner, W 2004. Fütterung und Tiergesundheit, Ulmer, Stuttgart, Germany.Google Scholar
Valadares, RFD, Broderick, GA, Valadares Filho, SC and Clayton, MK 1999. Effect of replacing alfalfa silage with high moisture corn on ruminal protein synthesis estimated from excretion of total purine derivatives. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 2686–2696.10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75525-6Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ 1963. Use of detergent in the analysis of fibrous feeds. Preparation of fiber residues of low nitrogen content. Journal Association of Official Analytical Chemists 46, 825–835.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, J and Lewis, B 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Weiss, WP, Conrad, HR and Stpierre, NRA 1992. A theoretically-based model for predicting total digestible nutrient values of forage and concentrates. Animal Feed Science Technology 39, 95–110.Google Scholar
Wildman, EE, Jones, GM, Wagner, PE, Boman, RL, Troutt, H Jr and Lesch, TN 1982. A dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to selected production characteristics. Journal of Dairy Science 65, 495–501.Google Scholar