Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-s6l46 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T19:28:30.375Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An fMRI study of face encoding and recognition in first-episode schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 June 2014

Anantha P. P. Anilkumar ,
Veena Kumari ,
Ravi Mehrotra ,
Ingrid Aasen ,
Martina T. Mitterschiffthaler  and
Tonmoy Sharma
Anantha P. P. Anilkumar*
Affiliation:
Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
Veena Kumari
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
Ravi Mehrotra
Affiliation:
Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
Ingrid Aasen
Affiliation:
Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
Martina T. Mitterschiffthaler
Affiliation:
Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
Tonmoy Sharma
Affiliation:
Clinical Neuroscience Research Centre, Dartford, Kent, UK
*
Dr A.P.P. Anilkumar, MBBS MRC Psych, Room 51, Outpatient Department, Maudsley Hospital, London SE5 8AZ, UK. Tel: 020 7378 6383; Fax: 020 7378 6870; E-mail: anil.kumar@slam.nhs.uk
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background:

Schizophrenia has been associated with limited abilities to interact effectively in social situations. Face perception and ability to recognise familiar faces are critical for social interaction. Patients with chronic schizophrenia are known to show impaired face recognition. Studying first-episode (FE) patients allows the exclusion of confounding effects of chronicity, medication and institutionalisation in this deficit.

Objective:

To determine brain (dys)functions during a face encoding and recognition paradigm in FE schizophrenia.

Methods:

Thirteen antipsychotic-naïve FE schizophrenia patients and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a face encoding and recognition paradigm. Behavioural responses were recorded on line.

Results:

Patients recognised significantly fewer of previously presented faces than the controls (p = 0.008). At the neural level, both groups activated a network of regions including the fusiform area, occipital, temporal and frontal regions. In brain activity, the two groups did not differ in any region during encoding or recognition conditions (p > 0.05, corrected or uncorrected).

Conclusions:

Our findings show impaired face recognition without a significant alteration of related brain activity in FE schizophrenia patients. It is possible that neural changes become more strongly evident with progression of the illness, and manifest themselves as behavioural impairments during the early course.

Keywords

face processingfMRIencodinghippocampuspsychosisrecognition

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Volume 20 , Issue 3 , June 2008 , pp. 129 - 138
Copyright
Copyright © 2008 Blackwell Munksgaard

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Silver, H, Shlomo, N, Turner, T, Gur, RC. Perception of happy and sad facial expressions in chronic schizophrenia: evidence for two evaluative systems. Schizophr Res 2002;55:171–177. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silver, H, Goodman, C, Bilker, Wet al. Impaired error monitoring contributes to face recognition deficit in schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res 2006;85:151–161. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heimberg, C, Gur, RE, Erwin, RJ, Shtasel, DL, Gur, RC. Facial emotion discrimination: III. Behavioral findings in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 1992;42:253–265. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gruzelier, JH, Wilson, L, Liddiard, D, Peters, E, Pusavat, L. Cognitive asymmetry patterns in schizophrenia: active and withdrawn syndromes and sex differences as moderators. Schizophr Bull 1999;25:349–362. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whittaker, JF, Deakin, JF, Tomenson, B. Face processing in schizophrenia: defining the deficit. Psychol Med 2001;31:499–507. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Addington, J, Addington, D. Facial affect recognition and information processing in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr Res 1998;32:171–181. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Onitsuka, T, Shenton, ME, Kasai, Ket al. Fusiform gyrus volume reduction and facial recognition in chronic schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003;60:349–355. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edwards, J, Pattison, PE, Jackson, HJ, Wales, RJ. Facial affect and affective prosody recognition in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2001;48:235–253. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marsh, PJ, Williams, LM. ADHD and schizophrenia phenomenology: visual scanpaths to emotional faces as a potential psychophysiological marker? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2006;30:651–665. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Calkins, ME, Gur, RC, Ragland, JD, Gur, RE. Face recognition memory deficits and visual object memory performance in patients with schizophrenia and their relatives. Am J Psychiatry 2005;162:1963–1966. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sharma, T, Kumari, V. Structural and functional brain abnormalities in first episode schizophrenia. In: Sharma, T, Harvey, PD, eds. Early course of schizophrenia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Google ScholarPubMed
Weickert, TW, Goldberg, TE, Gold, JM, Bigelow, LB, Egan, MF, Weinberger, DR. Cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia displaying preserved and compromised intellect. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000;57:907–913. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McClellan, J, Prezbindowski, A, Breiger, D, McCurry, C. Neuropsychological functioning in early onset psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2004;68:21–26. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bilder, RM, Goldman, RS, Robinson, Det al. Neuropsychology of first-episode schizophrenia: initial characterization and clinical correlates. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157:549–559. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silverstein, ML, Zerwic, MJ. Clinical psychopathologic symptoms in neuropsychologically impaired and intact schizophrenics. J Consult Clin Psychol 1985;53:267–268. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Strauss, BS, Silverstein, ML. Luria-Nebraska measures in neuropsychologically nonimpaired schizophrenics. A comparison with normal subjects. Int J Clin Neuropsychol 1986;8:35–38. Google Scholar
Bryson, GJ, Silverstein, ML, Nathan, A, Stephen, L. Differential rate of neuropsychological dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: comparison between the Halstead-Reitan and Luria-Nebraska batteries. Percept Mot Skills 1993;76:305–306. Google ScholarPubMed
Palmer, BW, Heaton, RK, Paulsen, JSet al. Is it possible to be schizophrenic yet neuropsychologically normal? Neuropsychology 1997;11:437–446. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quintana, J, Wong, T, Ortiz-Portillo, E, Marder, SR, Mazziotta, JC. Right lateral fusiform gyrus dysfunction during facial information processing in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2003;53:1099–1112. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conklin, HM, Calkins, ME, Anderson, CW, Dinzeo, TJ, Iacono, WG. Recognition memory for faces in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives. Neuropsychologia 2002;40:2314–2324. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanwisher, N, McDermott, J, Chun, MM. The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. J Neurosci 1997;17:4302–4311. Google ScholarPubMed
Gauthier, I, Logothetis, NK. Is face recognition not so unique after all? Cogn Neuropsychol 2000;17:125–142. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malach, R, Levy, I, Hasson, U. The topography of high-order human object areas. Trends Cogn Sci 2002;6:176–184. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haxby, JV, Ungerleider, LG, Horwitz, B, Maisog, JM, Rapoport, SI. Face encoding and recognition in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996;93:922–927. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cabeza, R, , Nyberg L. Imaging cognition II: an empirical review of 275 PET and fMRI studies. J Cogn Neurosci 2000;12:1–47. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Henson, RN, Goshen-Gottstein, Y, Ganel, T, Otten, LJ, Quayle, A, Rugg, MD. Electrophysiological and haemodynamic correlates of face perception, recognition and priming. Cereb Cortex 2003;13:793–805. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bruce, V, Young, A. Understanding face recognition. Br J Psychol 1986;77:305–327. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Joseph, JE, Gathers, AD. Natural and manufactured objects activate the fusiform face area. Neuroreport 2002;13:935–938. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Onitsuka, T, Niznikiewicz, MA, Spencer, KMet al. Functional and structural deficits in brain regions subserving face perception in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:455–462. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumari, V, Antonova, E, Geyer, MA, Ffytche, D, Williams, SC, Sharma, T. An fMRI investigation of startle gating deficits in schizophrenia patients treated with typical or atypical antipsychotics. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2006;21:1–15. Google Scholar
Kumari, V, Gray, JA, Honey, GDet al. Procedural learning in schizophrenia: a functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. Schizophr Res 2002;57:97–107. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Glahn, DC, Ragland, JD, Abramoff, Aet al. Beyond hypofrontality: a quantitative meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies of working memory in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 2005;25:60–69. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumari, V, Cooke, M. Use of magnetic resonance imaging in tracking the course and treatment of schizophrenia. Expert Rev Neurother 2006;6:1005–1016. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tracy, DK, Shergill, SS. Imaging auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2006;18:71–78. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
First, MB, Spitzer, RL, Gibbon, M, Williams, JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, Patient Edition (SCID-P), version 2. New York: State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research, 1995. Google Scholar
First, MB, Spitzer, RL, Gibbon, M, Williams, JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders, Non-Patient Edition (SCID-1/NP), version 2. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research, 1996;Google Scholar
Kay, SR, Fiszbein, PS, Opler, LA. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1987;13:261–276. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, TRE. A rating scale for drug-induced akathisia. Br J Psychiatry 1989;154:672–676. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Asthari, M, Lancz, T, Bilder, RM, Barr, W, Patel, M. Hippocampus activation in face-encoding task using fMRI. Presented at the Human Brain Mapping, Montreal (abstract 0808), 1998. Google Scholar
Ogawa, S, Lee, TM, Kay, AR, Tank, DW. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent blood oxygenation. Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A 1990;87:8868–8872. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friston, KJ, Williams, S, Howard, R, Frackwiak, RS, Turner, R. Movement related effects in fMRI time series. Mag Reson Med 1996;35:346–355. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friston, KJ, Holmes, AP, Worsley, KJ. How many subjects constitute a study? Neuroimage 1999;10:1–5. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rajah, MN, McIntosh, AR, Grady, CL. Frontotemporal interactions in face encoding and recognition. Cogn Brain Res 1999;8:259–269. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernstein, LJ, Beig, S, Siegenthaler, AL, Grady, CL. The effect of encoding strategy on the neural correlates of memory for faces. Neuropsychologia 2002;40:86–98. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hofer, A, Siedentopf, CM, Ischebeck, Aet al. Neural substrates for episodic encoding and recognition of unfamiliar faces. Brain Cogn 2007;63:174–181. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Katanoda, K, Yoshikawa, K, Sugishita, M. Neural substrates for the recognition of newly learned faces: a functional MRI study. Neuropsychologia 2000;38:1616–1625. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bonner-Jackson, A, Haut, K, Csernansky, JG, Barch, DM. The influence of encoding strategy on episodic memory and cortical activity in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2005;58:47–55. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, ML, David, AS. Understanding the symptoms of schizophrenia using visual scan paths. Br J Psychiatry 1994;165:673–675. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campanella, S, Montedoro, C, Streel, E, Verbanck, P, Rosier, V. Early visual components (P100, N170) are disrupted in chronic schizophrenic patients: an event-related potentials study. Neurophysiol Clin 2006 36:71–78. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luck, SJ, Fuller, RL, Braun, EL, Robinson, B, Summerfelt, A, Gold, JM. The speed of visual attention in schizophrenia: electrophysiological and behavioral evidence. Schizophr Res 2006;85:174–195. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed