Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-857557d7f7-nfgnx Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2025-12-08T19:07:38.502Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Performing Visible Pregnancy in Shakespeare's Plays

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2025

Patricia Lennox
Affiliation:
New York University

Summary

This Element considers pregnant women and their costumes in the staging of Shakespeare's plays. It examines the connections between a character's costume and the changing social conventions of pregnancy. It questions mid twentieth century productions' reduction and elimination of well-established visible pregnancy costumes. It considers the role played by the sexual revolution in the sixties in visible pregnancy's reinstatement. The Element focusses on the varied significance of its presence to actors and directors and explores the archives to chart this previously under-examined interaction between social conventions, costumes, and the actors who wear them.
Get access

Information

Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781009624442
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 04 December 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Element purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources

Acocella, Joan (2016) ‘A Rain of Fire: Christopher Wheeldon’s “Winter’s Tale”’. The New Yorker, 22 August 2016, 79.Google Scholar
Aebischer, Pascale (2012) Performing Early Modern Drama Today. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allam, Roger. (1993) ‘The Duke in Measure forMeasure in Players of Shakespeare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2141.Google Scholar
Altman, Joel B. (2023) Shakespeare the Bodger: Ingenuity, Imitation and the Arts of the Winter’s Tale. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, Mary (1896) A Few More Memories. London: Hutchinson. Reprint 1936.Google Scholar
Asleon, Robyn (1999) Sarah Siddons and Her Portraitists. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum.Google Scholar
Baker, Herschel Clay (1942) John Philip Kemble: The Actor in His Theatre. New York: Greenwood Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ball, William Hamilton (1968) Shakespeare on Silent Film: A Strange Eventful History. New York: Theatre Arts Books.Google Scholar
Barbieri, Donatella (2017) Costume in Performance: Materiality, Culture and the Body. London: Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartholomeusz, Dennis (1982) The Winter’s Tale in Performance in England and America, 1611–1976. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Behl, Dennis (1994) ‘A Career in the Theatre’, in Edelstein, T. J.. The Stage Is All the World: The Theatrical Designs of Tanya Moiseiwitsch. Chicago, IL: The David and Alfred Smart Museum, University of Chicago, 30126.Google Scholar
Bethell, S. L. (1947) The Winter’s Tale: A Study. Charlottesville: University of Virginia.Google Scholar
Bicks, Caroline (2003) Midwiving Subjects in Shakespeare’s England. Women and Gender in the Early Modern World. Surrey: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Boaden, James (1827) Memoirs of Sarah Siddons. 2 vols. London: Henry Colburn, reprint Cambridge University Press, 2013.Google Scholar
Braunmuller, A. R. (2020) ‘Introduction’, Measure for Measure. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury. Reprint 2024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchanan, Judith (2009) Shakespeare on Silent Film. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Burzyka, Katazyna (2022) Pregnant Bodies from Shakespeare to Ford: A Phenomenology of Pregnancy in English Early Modern Drama. Routledge Studies in Literature and Health Humanities. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, Thomas (1834) Life of Siddons. 2 vols. London: Effingham Wilson.Google Scholar
Carlyle, Carol Jones (2000) Helen Faucit: Fire and Ice on the Victorian Stage. London: Society for Theatre Research.Google Scholar
Carpenter, John (2023) ‘“One of the Last of the Classical Actresses”: Lillah McCarthy (1875–1960)’, in Theatre Notebook 77.1. Griffiths, Trevor R., Egan, Gabriel & Heinrich, Anselm, eds. London: Society for Theatre Research, 825.Google Scholar
Castaldo, Annalisa & Knight, Rhonda, eds. (2018) Stage Matters: Props, Bodies, and Space in Shakespearean Performance. Madison: Farleigh Dickinson University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, John William (1859) The Life and Theatrical Times of Charles Kean, 2 vol. London: Richard Bentley.Google Scholar
Clark, Cowden, Charles and Mary, eds. (1898) Cassell Family Shakespeare. London: Cassell, Petter and Galpin.Google Scholar
Cramer, Renee Ann (2015) Pregnant with the Stars: Watching and Celebrating the Baby Bump. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, Stanford Law, Cultural Lives of Law series.Google Scholar
Cramer, Renee Ann (2012) ‘The Baby Bump Is the New Birkin’, in Tarrant, Shira & Jolles, Marjorie, eds. Fashion Talks: Undressing the Power of Style. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 5366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, Patricia & Mendelson, Sara (1998) Women in Early Modern England. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Croyden, Margaret (2003) Conversations with Peter Brook 1970–2000. London: Faber and Faber.Google Scholar
Darlington, W. A. (1960) Six Thousand and One Nights: 40 Years a Critic. London: George G. Harrup.Google Scholar
Davidson, Hilary (2023) Jane Austen’s Wardrobe. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
de Marly, Diana (1982) Costumes on the Stage 1600–1940. London: B.T. Batsford.Google Scholar
Dench, Judi, with Brendan O’Hea (2023) Shakespeare: The Man Who Pays the Rent. London: Michael Joseph.Google Scholar
Dench, Judi (2010) And Furthermore: As Told to John Miller. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson.Google Scholar
Dobson, Michael (2010) ‘John Philip Kemble’, in Great Shakespeareans: Garrick, Kemble, Siddons, Keen. Holland, Peter, ed. London: Continuum, 55104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dobson, Michael (2001) ‘On the Page and on the Stage’, in de Grazia, Margreta & Wells, Stanley, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 235–50.Google Scholar
Doran, Gregory (2023) My Shakespeare: A Director’s Journey through the First Folio. London: Methuen.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunbar, Mary Judith (2010) Shakespeare in Performance: The Winter’s Tale. With a chapter by Carol Chillington Rutter. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Dunworth, Felicity (2010) Mothers and Meanings on the Early Modern English Stage. Manchester: Manchester University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dymkowski, Christine (1986) Harley Granville Barker: A Preface to Modern Shakespeare. Washington, DC: Folger Books.Google Scholar
Edelstein, T. J. (1994) The Stage Is All the World: The Theatrical Designs of Tanya Moiseiwitsch. Chicago, IL: The David and Alfred Smart Museum, University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Engel, Laura (2024) The Art of the Actress: Fashioning Identities. Cambridge Elements. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ephraim, Michelle (2016) ‘Hermione’s Suspicious Body: Adultery and Superfetation in The Winter’s Tale’, in Kathryn, M. Moncrief & Kathryn, R. McPherson, eds. Performing Maternity in Early Modern England, Surrey: Ashgate, 2007, rpt. Routledge Studies in Performance and Early Modern Drama. Routledge, 2016, 4558.Google Scholar
Escolme, Bridget (2020) Shakespeare and Costume in Practice. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, Gareth Lloyd (1970) ‘Interpretation or Experiment?’, in Muir, Kenneth, ed. Shakespeare Survey 23. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 131–35, (132).Google Scholar
Faucit, Helena, Martin, Lady (1891) Shakespeare’s Female Characters. London: Blackwood & Sons.Google Scholar
Filippini, Maria Nadia (2021) Pregnancy, Delivery, Childbirth, Boscolo, Clelia, trans. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Foakes, R. A. (1961) Henslowe’s Diary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed. 2002.Google Scholar
Gilbreath, Alexandra (2003) ‘Hermione in The Winter’s Tale’, in Smallwood, Robert, ed. Players of Shakespeare 5. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 7490.Google Scholar
Granville-Barker, Harley (1912), ‘Preface’, in The Winter’s Tale: An Acting Edition William Heinemann, iii–x, reprinted in Prefaces to Shakespeare. vol VI. London: B.T. Batsford, 1974,1925.Google Scholar
Griffin, Alice (1963) The New York Shakespeare Festival 1963. Shakespeare Quarterly vol. xiv. New York: The Shakespeare Association of America, 441–43.Google Scholar
Gurr, Andrew (2009) The Shakespearean Stage 1574–1642. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 4th ed.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, Edward & Warren, Roger (2012) Propeller Shakespeare: The Winter’s Tale. London: Oberon Books.Google Scholar
Hardwick, J. M. D. (1954) Emigrant in Motley: The Journey of Charles and Ellen Kean in Quest of a Theatrical Fortune in Australia and America, as Told in Their Hitherto Unpublished Letters. Forward by Anthony Quayle. London: Rockliff.Google Scholar
Hawkins, Ella (2022) Shakespeare in Elizabethan Costume: ‘Period Dress’ In Twenty-First-Century Performance. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hearn, Karen (2020) Portraying Pregnancy: from Holbein to Social Media. London: Paul Holberton Publishing in Association with the Foundling Museum.Google Scholar
Hearn, Karen (1995) Dynasties: Painting in Tudor and Jacobean England 1530–1630. Peterborough: Tate Gallery.Google Scholar
Henslowe, Philip (1961) Henslowe’s Diary. ed. Folkes, R. A., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed. 2002.Google Scholar
Hicks, Greg (2010) Interview in Lectures de The winter’s tale de William Shakespeare. Lemonnier-Texier, Delphine & Winter, Guillaume, eds. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes.Google Scholar
Hobby, Elaine (2009) ‘Introduction’, in The Birth of Mankind: Otherwise Named, The Woman’s Book. Literary and Scientific Culture in Early Modernity series, Surrey: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Hodgdon, Barbara (2016) Shakespeare, Performance and the Archive. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hodgdon, Barbara (2006) ‘Shopping in the archives: material memories’ in Holland, Peter, ed. Shakespeare, Memory and Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 135–67.Google Scholar
Holland, Peter (2001) ‘Shakespeare in the twentieth century’, in The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 199216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holt, Annie (2021) Modernizing Costume Design, 1820–1920. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hunter, Kelly (2015) Cracking Shakespeare: A Hands-on Guide for Actors and Directors + Video. London: Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchings, Geoffrey (1989) ‘Lavatch in All’s Well That Ends Well’ in Players of Shakespeare. Brockbank, Philip, ed. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. pp.7790.Google Scholar
Isaac, Veronica (2021) ‘”Re-Dressing the Part”: The Scenographic Strategies of Ellen Terry (1847–1928),’ Scenography and Art History: Performance Design and Visual Culture. Astrid, von Rosen &Viveka, Kjellmer, eds. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2021.Google Scholar
Isaac, Veronica (2020) ‘Costume Centre Stage: Re-membering Ellen Terry’, in Pantouvaki, Sofia & McNeil, Peter, eds. Performance Costume: New Perspectives. London: Bloomsbury, 6988.Google Scholar
Isaac, Veronica (2018) ‘“A Well-Dressed Actress”: Exploring the Theatrical Wardrobe of Ellen Terry (1847–1928)’, Costume 52.1, 7496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, Russell (2019) Shakespeare in the Theatre: Trevor Nunn. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Jackson, Russell (2015) ‘Brief Overview: A Stage History of Shakespeare and Costume’, in Lennox, Patricia & Mirabella, Bella, eds. Shakespeare and Costume. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury, 1020.Google Scholar
Jansted, Janelle (2016) ‘Smock-Secrets: Birth and Women’s Mysteries on the Early Modern Stage’, in Moncrief, Kathryn M. & McPherson, Kathryn R., eds. Performing Maternity in Early Modern England. Surrey: Ashgate, 2007, reprinted in Routledge Studies in Performance and Early Modern Drama. London: Routledge 2016, 87100.Google Scholar
Jones, Ann Rosalind & Stallybrass, Peter (2000) Renaissance Clothing and the Material of Memory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jones, Gemma (1989) ‘Hermione in The Winter’s Tale’, in Brockbank, Philip, ed. Players of Shakespeare 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 153–65.Google Scholar
Kavanagh, Julie (1996) Secret Muses: The Life of Frederick Ashton. London: Faber & Faber.Google Scholar
Kean, Charles (1856) The Winter’s Tale: Charles Kean 1856. Facsimile, London: Cornmarket Press.Google Scholar
Kellermann, Jonas (2021) ‘“Like an Old Tale”: The Winter’s Tale on the Balletic Stage’, in Shakespeare Jahrbuch. 157/2021, 162–79.Google Scholar
Kemble, John Philip. The Winter’s Tale: John Philip Kemble Promptbooks. vol 9, Charles, H. Shattuck, ed. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.Google Scholar
Kennard, Nina H. (Mrs A.) (1893) Mrs Siddons. London: W. H. Allen.Google Scholar
Kennedy, Dennis (1985) Granville Barker and the Dream of Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kirwan, Peter (2022). ‘Shakespeare Performances in England, 2021: Productions Outside London’ in Smith, Emma, ed. Shakespeare Survey 75. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 342–56.Google Scholar
Klett, Elizabeth (2020) Choreographing Shakespeare: Dance Adaptations of the Plays and Poems. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kustow, Michael (2005) Peter Brook: A Biography. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Laoutaris, Chris (2008) Shakespearean Maternities: Crisis of Conception in Early Modern England. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.Google Scholar
Laver, James (1964) Costume in the Theatre. London: George G. Harrap.Google Scholar
Lee, Mireille (2005) ‘Constru(ct)ing Gender in the Feminine Greek Peplos’, in Cleland, Liza, Harlow, Mary, & Llewellyn-Jones, Lloyd, eds. The Clothed Body in the Ancient World. Oxford: Oxbow Books.Google Scholar
Lennox, Patricia (2015) ‘How Designers Helped Juliet’s Nurse Reclaim Her Bawdy’, in Lennox, Patricia & Mirabella, Bella, eds. Shakespeare and Costume. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury, 157–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lennox, Patricia (2022) The Comedy of Errors Review, Shakespeare Bulletin, vol 4, no. 2, 275–9.Google Scholar
Luckyj, Christina (2007) ‘Disciplining the Mother in Seventeenth-Century English Puritanism’, in Kathryn, M. Moncrief & Kathryn, R. McPherson, eds. Performing Maternity in Early Modern England. Surrey: Ashgate, 2007, Routledge Studies in Performance and Early Modern Drama. London: Routledge, 2016, 101–14.Google Scholar
MacIntyre, Jean (1992) Costumes and Scripts in the Elizabethan Theatres. Alberta: University of Alberta.Google Scholar
Marshall, Gail (1998) Actresses on the Victorian Stage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Martin, Theodore, Sir (1900) Helena Faucit (Lady Martin). London: William Blackwood and Sons.Google Scholar
McCarthy, Harry M. (2022) Boy Actors in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, Harry M. (2020) Performing Early Modern Drama beyond Shakespeare: Edward’s Boys. Elements in Shakespeare Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCarthy, Lillah O. B. E. (Lady Keeble) (1933) Myself and My Friends. London: Thornton Butterworth.Google Scholar
Miller, Gina (2020) Childhood in Contemporary Performance of Shakespeare. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moncrief, Kathryn M. & McPherson, Kathryn R. eds. (2007) Performing Maternity in Early Modern England. Surrey: Ashgate, 2007, Routledge Studies in Performance and Early Modern Drama. London: Routledge 2016.Google Scholar
Monks, Aoife (2020) The Actor in Costume. Basingstoke: Palgrave McMillan.Google Scholar
Nussbaum, Felicity (2010) Rival Queens: Actresses. Performance, and the Eighteenth-Century British Theatre. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odell, George C. D. (1966) Shakespeare from Betterton to Irving. 2 vols. New York: Dover.Google Scholar
Pavelka, Michael (2012) ‘Designing the Winter’s Tale’, in Hall, Edward & Warren, Roger, eds. Propeller Shakespeare: The Winter’s Tale. London: Oberon Books,1416.Google Scholar
Phillips, Chelsea (2022) Carrying All before Her: Celebrity Pregnancy 1689–1800. Newark: University of Delaware Press.Google Scholar
Poiret, Paul (1931), Stephen Haden Guest, trans. (2009). King of Fashion: The Autobiography of Paul Poiret. J.B. Lippincott; reprint, London: V&A, 2009.Google Scholar
Potter, Lois (2014) ‘A Sacred Trust: Helen Faucit, Geraldine Jewsbury, and the Idealized Shakespeare’, in Shakespeare Theatre and Effects of Performance, Cooper, Farah Karim & Stern, Tiffany, eds. Shakespeare, Arden. London: Bloomsbury. 183–99.Google Scholar
Potter, Lois (2001) ‘Shakespeare in the Theatre 1660–1900’, in de Grazia, Margreta and Wells, Stanley, eds. The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 183–99.Google Scholar
Purcell, Stephen (2018) ‘Shakespeare Performances in England, 2017’, in Peter Holland, ed., Shakespeare Survey 71, 2018. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 305–8.Google Scholar
Ribeiro, Aileen (2003) ‘Costuming the Part: A Discourse of Fashion and Fiction in the Image of the Actress in England, 1776–1812’, in Asleson, Robyn, ed. Notorious Muse: The Actress in British Art and Culture 1776–1812. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 104–28.Google Scholar
Ribeyrol, Charlotte, Winterbottom, Matthew, & Hewitson, Madeline, eds. (2024) Colour Revolution: Victorian Art, Fashion & Design. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum, Oxford University.Google Scholar
Ritchie, Fiona (2023) Shakespeare in the Theatre: Sarah Siddons and John Philip Kemble. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Roberts, Jeanne (1992) ‘Shakespeare’s Maimed Birth Rites’, in Woodbridge, Linda & Berry, Edward, eds. True Rites and Maimed Rites: Ritual and Anti-ritual in Shakespeare and His Age. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 123–44.Google Scholar
Rokison-Woodall, Abigail (2017) Shakespeare in the Theatre: Nicholas Hytner. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothfeld, Becca (2024) All Things Are Too Small: Essays in Praise of Excess New York: Henry Holt.Google Scholar
Rutter, Carol Chillington (2010) “A World Ransomed, or One Destroyed”: English Tales at the Millennium’, in Dunbar, Judith, ed. Shakespeare in Performance: The Winter’s Tale. Shakespeare in Performance. Manchester: Manchester University. 213–42.Google Scholar
Rutter, Carol Chillington (2007) Shakespeare and Child’s Play. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rutter, Carol Chillington (1988) Clamorous Voices: Shakespeare’s Women Today. London: The Women’s Press.Google Scholar
Sacks, Elizabeth (1980) Shakespeare’s Images of Pregnancy. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheijen, Sjeng (2010) Diaghilev: A Life. London: Profile Press.Google Scholar
Scholz, Susanne (2000) Body Narratives: Writing the Nation and Fashioning the Subject in Early Modern England. New York: St. Martin’s Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakespeare, William (2020) Measure for Measure, Braunmuller, A. R., ed. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury. Reprint 2024.Google Scholar
Shakespeare, William (2017) A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Chaudhuri, Shukanta, ed. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakespeare, William (2017) The Comedy of Errors. Cartwright, Ken, ed. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Shakespeare, William (2016) King Henry 4 part 2, Bulman, James C., ed. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Shakespeare, William (2012) Propeller Shakespeare: The Winter’s Tale. EdHall, ward & Warren, Roger, eds. London: Oberon Books.Google Scholar
Shakespeare, William (2010) The Winter’s Tale, Pitcher, John, ed. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury. Reprint 2014.Google Scholar
Shakespeare, William (1998) Love’s Labour’s Lost, Woudhuysen, H. R., ed. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Shakespeare, William & Fletcher, John (2000) King Henry VIII (All Is True), McMullan, Gordon, ed. The Arden Shakespeare. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Shattuck, Charles H. ed. (1974) John Philip Kemble Promptbooks. vol 9. The Folger Facsimile Promptbooks, Series I. Charlottesville: Published for the Folger Shakespeare Library by the University Press of Virginia.Google Scholar
Shaughnessy, Richard (2020) About Shakespeare: Bodies, Spaces and Texts. Elements in Shakespeare Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, George Bernard (1933) ‘An Aside’, in McCarthy, Lillah, Myself and My Friends. London: Thornton Butterworth, 18.Google Scholar
Sher, Antony (2003) ‘Leontes in The Winter’s Tale and Macbeth’, in Players of Shakespeare 5. Smallwood, Robert, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 91112.Google Scholar
Shrimpton, Nicholas (1987) ‘Shakespeare Performances in London, Manchester and Stratford upon Avon 1985–86’, in Shakespeare Survey 40, Wells, Stanley, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 177–78.Google Scholar
Siddons, Sarah Kemble (1942) The Reminiscences of Sarah Kemble Siddons 1773–1785, ban Lennep, William, ed. Cambridge, MA: Printed at Widener Library.Google Scholar
Sprague, Arthur Colby (1948) Shakespeare and the Actors: The Stage Business in His Plays 1660–1905. 4th printing. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Stage Year Book 1914. Covent Garden, London: The Stage Offices.Google Scholar
Stedman, Jane W. (1996) W.S. Gilbert: A Classic Victorian and His Theatre. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Stewart, Patrick (2023) Making It So: A Memoir. London: Gallery Books UK.Google Scholar
Styan, J. L. (1977) The Shakespeare Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Styan, J. L. (1984) Shakespeare in Performance: All’s Well that Ends Well. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Tatspaugh, Patricia E. (2002) Shakespeare at Stratford: The Winter’s Tale. London: The Arden Shakespeare in association with the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.Google Scholar
Terry, Ellen (1932) Ellen Terry’s Memoirs, Craig, Edith & John, Christopher St., eds. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons.Google Scholar
Terry, Ellen (1908) The Story of My Life. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Theatre World Annual 1952, vol 3, 1951–1952. Stephens, Frances, ed. London: Rockliffe, 3640.Google Scholar
Thiel, S. B. T. (2018) ‘“Cushion Come Forth”: Materializing Pregnancy on the Stuart Stage’, in Castaldo, Annalisa & Knight, Rhonda, eds. Stage Matters: Props, Bodies, and Space in Shakespeare Performance. Madison, NJ: Farleigh Dickinson University Press, 143–58.Google Scholar
Trewin, J. C., ed. (1967) The Journal of William Charles Macready, 1832–1851. London: Longmans.Google Scholar
Trewin, J. C. (1971) Peter Brook: A Biography. London: Macdonald.Google Scholar
Walter, Harriet (2016) Brutus and Other Heroines: Playing Shakespeare’s Roles for Women. London: Nick Hearn Books.Google Scholar
Warren, Roger (1988) ‘Shakespeare’s Late Plays at Stratford Ontario 1985–86’, in Wells, Stanley, ed., Shakespeare Survey 40. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 155–68.Google Scholar
Wells, Stanley (1989) ‘Shakespeare Performances in England 1987–88’, in Wells, Stanley, ed., Shakespeare Survey 39. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 193–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Accessibility standard: WCAG 2.1 AA

Why this information is here

This section outlines the accessibility features of this content - including support for screen readers, full keyboard navigation and high-contrast display options. This may not be relevant for you.

Accessibility Information

The PDF of this Element complies with version 2.1 of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), covering newer accessibility requirements and improved user experiences and achieves the intermediate (AA) level of WCAG compliance, covering a wider range of accessibility requirements.

Content Navigation

Table of contents navigation
Allows you to navigate directly to chapters, sections, or non‐text items through a linked table of contents, reducing the need for extensive scrolling.

Reading Order & Textual Equivalents

Single logical reading order
You will encounter all content (including footnotes, captions, etc.) in a clear, sequential flow, making it easier to follow with assistive tools like screen readers.
Short alternative textual descriptions
You get concise descriptions (for images, charts, or media clips), ensuring you do not miss crucial information when visual or audio elements are not accessible.

Visual Accessibility

Use of colour is not sole means of conveying information
You will still understand key ideas or prompts without relying solely on colour, which is especially helpful if you have colour vision deficiencies.

Structural and Technical Features

ARIA roles provided
You gain clarity from ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications) roles and attributes, as they help assistive technologies interpret how each part of the content functions.

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Performing Visible Pregnancy in Shakespeare's Plays
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Performing Visible Pregnancy in Shakespeare's Plays
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Performing Visible Pregnancy in Shakespeare's Plays
Available formats
×