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Series:   Elements in Gender and Politics

Gendered Jobs and Local Leaders

Women, Work, and the Pipeline to Local Political Office

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 February 2025

Rachel Bernhard  and
Mirya R. Holman
Rachel Bernhard
Affiliation:
Nuffield College, University of Oxford
Mirya R. Holman
Affiliation:
Hobby School for Public Affairs, University of Houston

Summary

Men from business are overrepresented in local politics in the United States. The authors propose a theory of gendered occupations and ambition: the jobs people hold-and the gender composition of those jobs-shape political ambition and candidate success. They test their theory using data on gender and jobs, candidacy and electoral outcomes from thousands of elections in California, and experimental data on voter attitudes. They find that occupational gendered segregation is a powerful source of women's underrepresentation in politics. Women from feminine careers run for office far less than men. Offices also shape ambition, candidates with feminine occupations run for school board, not mayor or sheriff. In turn, people see the offices that women run for as feminine and less prestigious. This Element provides a rich picture of the pipeline to office and the ways it favours men. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Keywords

genderoccupationpolitical ambitionlocal politicsrole congruitygender stereotypesgender role theoryfemininitymasculinity
Type
Element
Information
Series: Elements in Gender and Politics
Online ISBN: 9781009482875
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 31 March 2025
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

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Gendered Jobs and Local Leaders
  • Rachel Bernhard, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Mirya R. Holman, Hobby School for Public Affairs, University of Houston
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Gendered Jobs and Local Leaders
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