Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-n2sc8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-03-09T02:59:46.378Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Iris Murdoch

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2025

Bridget Clarke
Affiliation:
University of Montana

Summary

Iris Murdoch is well-known for her moral philosophy, especially for the light it sheds on the inner life. This Element focuses on the political significance and contours of Murdoch's ethics. Its chief aim is to illuminate the affinities between Murdoch's concept of the individual and the Enlightenment ideal of a society in which people live together as free equals. There are five sections in this Element. Section 1 provides context for the discussion. Section 2 compares what Murdoch calls the liberal and naturalistic outlooks and argues that she develops a modified version of the naturalistic outlook to better support an Enlightenment sensibility. Sections 3 and 4 examine the three main features of Murdoch's 'naturalized' individual. Section 3 considers the individual's uniqueness and transcendence. Section 4 considers the individual's knowability through love. Section 5 offers some concluding remarks.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781009358156
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 30 April 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Antonaccio, M. (2000). Picturing the Human. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antonaccio, M. (2002). The Moral and Political Imagination of Iris Murdoch. Notizie di Politeia 18(66): 2250.Google Scholar
Antonaccio, M. (2012). A Philosophy to Live By. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Antonaccio, M. and Schweiker, W. (eds.) (1996). Iris Murdoch and the Search for Human Goodness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Appiah, K. A. (1990). Racisms. In Goldberg, D., ed., Anatomy of Racism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp. 317.Google Scholar
Aziz, R. (2010). The Two Faces of American Freedom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bakhurst, D. (2020). Analysis and Transcendence in The Sovereignty of Good. European Journal of Philosophy 28(1): 214223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bilgrami, A. (2014). Secularism, Identity, and Enchantment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Blum, L. (2022a). Iris Murdoch. In Zalta, E. N., ed., Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Winter 2022 edition. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2022/entries/murdoch/.Google Scholar
Blum, L. (2022b). Murdoch and Politics. In Hopwood, M. and Panizza, S., eds., The Murdochian Mind. New York: Routledge, pp. 424437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolton, L. (2022). Murdoch and Feminism. In Hopwood, M. and Panizza, S., eds., The Murdochian Mind. New York: Routledge, pp. 438450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broackes, J. (2012). Introduction. In Broackes, J., ed., Iris Murdoch, Philosopher. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 192.Google Scholar
Browning, G. (2018a). Why Iris Murdoch Matters. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Browning, G. (2018b). Murdoch and the End of Ideology. In Browning, G., ed., Murdoch on Truth and Love. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 133157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browning, G. (2019). The Metaphysics of Morals and Politics. In Hämäläinen, N. and Dooley, G., eds., Reading Iris Murdoch’s Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 179194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Browning, G. (2024). Iris Murdoch and the Political. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chappell, S. (2018). Love and Knowledge in Murdoch. In Browning, G., ed., Murdoch on Truth and Love. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 89108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, B. (2006). Iris Murdoch and the Politics of Imagination. Philosophical Papers 35(3): 387411.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, B. (2012). Iris Murdoch and the Prospects for Critical Moral Perception. In Broackes, J., ed., Iris Murdoch, Philosopher. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 227253.Google Scholar
Clarke, B. (2013). Attention, Moral. In LaFollette, H., ed., International Encyclopedia of Ethics. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell, pp. 388392. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee403.Google Scholar
Clarke, B. (2018). Iris Murdoch and the Meaning of Life. In Leach, S. and Tartaglia, J., eds., The Meaning of Life and the Great Philosophers. New York: Routledge, pp. 252259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coates, T. (2015). What This Cruel War Was Over. The Atlantic Monthly. www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/06/what-this-cruel-war-was-over/396482/.Google Scholar
Conradi, P. (2001). Iris: The Life of Iris Murdoch. New York: W.W. Norton.Google Scholar
Cordner, C. (2016). Lessons of Murdochian Attention. Sophia 55(2): 197213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cordner, C. (2022). Love. In Hopwood, M. and Panizza, S., eds., The Murdochian Mind. New York: Routledge, pp. 169182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewey, J. (1988) [1939]. Creative Democracy: The Task Before Us. In Boydston, J., ed., The Later Works, 1925–1953, vol. 14. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, pp. 224230.Google Scholar
Diamond, C. (1988). Losing Your Concepts. Ethics 98(2): 255277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, C. (1996). “We Are Perpetually Moralists”: Iris Murdoch, Fact, and Value. In Antonaccio, M. and Schweiker, W., eds., Iris Murdoch and the Search for Human Goodness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 79109.Google Scholar
Diamond, C. (2010). Murdoch the Explorer. Philosophical Topics 38(1): 5185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dumont, L. (1980). Homo Hierarchus: The Caste System and Its Implications, trans. M. Sainsbury, L. Dumont, and B. Gulati. Revised English edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Dumont, L. (1986). Essays on Individualism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Elkins, C. (2022). A Legacy of Violence. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Forsberg, N. (2013). Language Lost and Found: On Iris Murdoch and the Limits of Philosophical Discourse. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Forsberg, N. (2024). Iris Murdoch on Love. In Grau, C. and Smuts, A., eds., The Oxford Handbook of the Philosophy of Love. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 432450.Google Scholar
Fredrickson, G. (2002). Racism: A Short History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gomes, A. (2013). Iris Murdoch on Art, Ethics, and Attention. British Journal of Aesthetics 53(3): 321337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gomes, A. (2025, forthcoming). Iris Murdoch on Privacy, Perfection, and the Philosophy of Mind. In Bagnoli, C. and Cokelet, B., eds., Murdoch’s The Sovereignty of Good at 55. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hahn, S. (2024). Illiberal America. New York: W.W. Norton.Google Scholar
Hämäläinen, N. (2015). Reduce Ourselves to Zero? Sabina Lovibond, Iris Murdoch, and Feminism. Hypatia 30(4): 743759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hämäläinen, N. (2022). Murdoch on Ethical Formation in a Changing World. Journal of Philosophy of Education 56: 827837.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Head, B. (1990). The Lovers. In Tales of Tenderness and Power. Oxford: Heinemann, pp. 84101.Google Scholar
Holland, M. (2012). Social Convention and Neurosis as Obstacles to Moral Freedom. In Broackes, J., ed., Iris Murdoch, Philosopher. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 255274.Google Scholar
Hopwood, M. (2017). “The Extremely Difficult Realization that Something Other than Oneself Is Real”: Iris Murdoch on Love and Moral Agency. European Journal of Philosophy 26(1): 477501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horner, A. and Rowe, A. (eds.) (2016). Living on Paper: Letters from Iris Murdoch, 1934–1995. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Ishiguro, K. (2021). Klara and the Sun. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Jamieson, L. (2023). Iris Murdoch’s Practical Metaphysics. London: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
John, E. (2013). Love and the Need for Comprehension. Philosophical Explorations 16(3): 285297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, R. P. (2021). White Too Long: The Legacy of White Supremacy in American Christianity. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Kincaid, J. (1990). Lucy. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.Google Scholar
Kreuz, R. (2023). How the Unabomber’s Unique Linguistic Fingerprints Led to His Capture. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/how-the-unabombers-unique-linguistic-fingerprints-led-to-his-capture-207681.Google Scholar
Langton, R. (1992). Duty and Desolation. Philosophy 67(262): 481505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laverty, M. (2022). Civility. In Hopwood, M. and Panizza, S., eds., The Murdochian Mind. New York: Routledge, pp. 505518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lipscomb, J. B. (2022). The Women Are Up to Something. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lopez, B. (2001). Arctic Dreams. Reprint. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Lovibond, S. (2011). Iris Murdoch, Gender and Philosophy. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacCumhaill, C. M. and Wiseman, R. (2022). Metaphysical Animals. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Manguso, S. (2017). 300 Arguments. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press.Google Scholar
Mason, C. (2021). Iris Murdoch and the Epistemic Significance of Love. In Cushing, S., ed., New Philosophical Essays on Love and Loving. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 3962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, C. (2023). Reconceiving Murdochian Realism. Ergo: An Open Access Journal of Philosophy 10(23): 649672.Google Scholar
McCann, C. (2020). Apeirogon. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
McCurry, S. (2020). The Confederacy Was an Antidemocratic, Centralized State. The Atlantic Monthly. www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/06/confederacy-wasnt-what-you-think/613309/.Google Scholar
Merritt, M. (2017). Love, Respect, and Individuals: Murdoch as a Guide to Kantian Ethics. European Journal of Philosophy 25(4): 18441863.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merritt, M. (2022). Murdoch and Kant. In Hopwood, M. and Panizza, S., eds., The Murdochian Mind. New York: Routledge, pp. 253265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mill, J. S. (1978) [1859]. On Liberty. Indianapolis: Hackett.Google Scholar
Milligan, T. (2022). Loving Attention to Animals. In Hopwood, M. and Panizza, S., eds., The Murdochian Mind. New York: Routledge, pp. 468478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mole, C. (2007). Attention, Self and The Sovereignty of Good. In Rowe, A., ed., Iris Murdoch: A Reassessment. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 7284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mylonaki, E. (2019). “The Individual in Pursuit of the Individual”: A Murdochian Account of Moral Perception. The Journal of Value Inquiry 53(4): 579603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nussbaum, M. (2001). “When She Was Good.” The New Republic. https://newrepublic.com/article/122264/iris-murdoch-novelist-and-philospher.Google Scholar
Panizza, S. (2020). Moral Perception beyond Supervenience: Iris Murdoch’s Radical Perspective. The Journal of Value Inquiry 54(2): 273288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panizza, S. (2022). The Ethics of Attention. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pendleton, H. (2022). How to See: The Gaze in Iris Murdoch’s Moral Philosophy. In Wuppuluri, S. and Grayling, A. C., eds., Metaphors and Analogies in Sciences and Humanities: Words and Worlds. Cham: Springer Publishing AG, pp. 499522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rich, A. (1979). Women and Honor: Some Notes on Lying. In Lies, Secrets and Silence. New York: W.W. Norton, pp. 185194.Google Scholar
Robjant, D. (2011). Is Iris Murdoch an Unconscious Misogynist? The Heythrop Journal 52: 10211031.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuel, J. (2021). Thin as a Needle, Quick as a Flash: Murdoch on Agency and Moral Progress. The Review of Metaphysics 75(2): 345373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanchez-Schilling, S. (2019). The Politics of an Aestheticized Ethics. Unpublished. Presented at the Iris Murdoch Centenary Conference. St. Anne’s College, Oxford.Google Scholar
Setiya, K. (2013). Murdoch on the Sovereignty of Good. Philosophers’ Imprint 3: 121.Google Scholar
Spreeuwenberg, L. (2021). “Love” as a Practice: Looking at Real People. In Cushing, S., ed., New Philosophical Essays on Love and Loving. Cham: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 6386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stern, R. (2022). “How Is Human Freedom Compatible with the Authority of the Good?” Murdoch on Moral Agency, Freedom, and Imagination. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 122(1): 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Streep, A. (2023). How Montana Took a Hard Right toward Christian Nationalism. New York Times Sunday Magazine. www.nytimes.com/2023/01/11/magazine/montana-republicans-christian-nationalism.html?unlocked_article_code=1.9E0.CO1K.3c3qfaGFWM6D&smid=url-share.Google Scholar
Vecchione, J. (dir.) (1987). Fighting Back (1957–1962). Eyes on the Prize. Blackside, Inc. PBS Video.Google Scholar
Vice, S. (2007). The Ethics of Self-Concern. In Rowe, A., ed., Iris Murdoch: A Reassessment. London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 6071.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walzer, M. (2023). The Struggle for a Decent Politics: On “Liberal” as an Adjective. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Weil, S. (1978) [1951]. Waiting for God, trans. E. Craufurd. New York: Harper Collins.Google Scholar
Weil, S. (2002) [1952]. Gravity and Grace, trans. E. Crawford and von der Ruhr, M.. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wilkerson, I. (2020). Caste: The Origins of Our Discontent. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Wiseman, R. (2020). What If the Private Linguist Were a Poet? Iris Murdoch on Privacy and Ethics. European Journal of Philosophy 28(1): 224234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodhead, L. (dir.) (2019). Just One of Those Things. Eagle Rock Films.Google Scholar
Zakaria, F. (1997). The Rise of Illiberal Democracy. Foreign Affairs 76(6): 2243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Iris Murdoch
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Iris Murdoch
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Iris Murdoch
Available formats
×