Understanding Trauma: Integrating Biological, Clinical, and Cultural Perspectives

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511500008

This book analyzes the individual and collective experience of and response to trauma from a wide range of perspectives including basic neuroscience, clinical science, and cultural anthropology. Each perspective presents critical and creative challenges to the other. The first section reviews the effects of early life stress on the development of neural systems and vulnerability to persistent effects of trauma. The second section of the book reviews a wide range of clinical approaches to the treatment of the effects of trauma. The final section of the book presents cultural analyses of personal, social, and political responses to massive trauma and genocidal events in a variety of societies. This work goes well beyond the neurobiological models of conditioned fear and clinical syndrome of post-traumatic stress disorder to examine how massive traumatic events affect the whole fabric of a society, calling forth collective responses of resilience and moral transformation.

"... Neatly summarizes the challenges inherent in interdisciplinaryintegration."
--- Psychiatric Services, A Journal of the American Psychiatric Association

Understanding Trauma is an important book. Its multidisciplinary, multicultural perspectives will benefit a wide audience. It explains the complexity of trauma so eloquently that readers will see the dots begin to connect. Its successful integration of multidisciplinary research... takes the study of trauma to the next level."
- PsycCRITIQUES

This book is a must read for anyone seriously interested in the predisposition, cause, course, treatment, and outcome prognosis for people experiencing trauma and post trauma consequences... The authors have created a state-of-the-art review that is fascinating, informative, and extremely useful to all concerned with understanding trauma and its effect on all of our lives.
- Murray A. Brown, MD

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Contents

Frontmatter
pp i-vi
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Contents
pp vii-x
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List of Figures
pp xi-xii
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List of Tables
pp xiii-xiv
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List of Contributors
pp xv-xviii
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Foreword by Robert Jay Lifton
pp xix-xxii
- By Robert Jay Lifton
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Preface
pp xxiii-xxvi
- By Laurence J. Kirmayer, James McGill Professor and Director Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Robert Lemelson, Lecturer Departments of Anthropology and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; President Foundation for Psychocultural Research, Mark Barad, Associate Professor Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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List of Abbreviations
pp xxvii-xxviii
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Introduction: Inscribing Trauma in Culture, Brain, and Body
pp 1-20
- By Laurence J. Kirmayer, James McGill Professor and Director Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Robert Lemelson, Lecturer Departments of Anthropology and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; President Foundation for Psychocultural Research, Mark Barad, Associate Professor Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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SECTION I - NEUROBIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON TRAUMA
pp 21-26
- By Laurence J. Kirmayer, James McGill Professor and Director Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Robert Lemelson, Lecturer Departments of Anthropology and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; President Foundation for Psychocultural Research, Mark Barad, Associate Professor Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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1 - Neurobiological and Neuroethological Perspectives on Fear and Anxiety
pp 27-40
- By Vinuta Rau, Postdoctoral Fellow University of California, San Francisco, Michael S. Fanselow, Professor Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
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2 - Some Biobehavioral Insights into Persistent Effects of Emotional Trauma
pp 41-59
- By Mark E. Bouton, Professor Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, Jaylyn Waddell, Postdoctoral Associate Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, NJ
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3 - Learning Not to Fear: A Neural Systems Approach
pp 60-77
- By Gregory J. Quirk, Professor Department of Physiology, Ponce School of Medicine, Puerto Rico, Mohammed R. Milad, Instructor Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Research Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Edwin Santini, Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Pharmacology, Ponce School of Medicine, Puerto Rico, Kelimer Lebrón, Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
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4 - Mechanisms of Fear Extinction: Toward Improved Treatment for Anxiety
pp 78-97
- By Mark Barad, Associate Professor Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Christopher K. Cain, Postdoctoral Fellow Center for Neural Science, New York University
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5 - Developmental Origins of Neurobiological Vulnerability for PTSD
pp 98-117
- By Rosemary Bagot, Graduate student Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Carine Parent, Graduate student Neurological Sciences Program, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Timothy W. Bredy, Postdoctoral Fellow Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Tieyuan Zhang, Postdoctoral Fellow Program for the Study of Behaviour, Genes and Environment, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Alain Gratton, Associate Professor Department of Psychiatry, McGill University; Researcher, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec, Michael J. Meaney, James McGill Professor of Medicine Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology and Neurosurgery; Director Program for the Study of Behaviour, Genes and Environment, McGill University; Associate Director of Research Researcher, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Québec
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6 - Does Stress Damage the Brain?
pp 118-141
- By J. Douglas Bremner, Director Emory Center for Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Atlanta, GA
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7 - Somatic Manifestations of Traumatic Stress
pp 142-170
- By Emeran A. Mayer, Professor Departments of Medicine, Physiology, Psychiatry, and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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SECTION II - CLINICAL PERSPECTIVES ON TRAUMA
pp 171-177
- By Laurence J. Kirmayer, James McGill Professor and Director Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Robert Lemelson, Lecturer Departments of Anthropology and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; President Foundation for Psychocultural Research, Mark Barad, Associate Professor Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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8 - Cognitive Behavioral Treatments for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
pp 178-193
- By Elna Yadin, Research Associate Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Edna B. Foa, Professor Department of Psychiatry; Director Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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9 - PTSD Among Traumatized Refugees
pp 194-206
- By J. D. Kinzie, Professor Department of Psychiatry; Director PTSD Clinic; Director Torture Treatment Center, Oregon, at Oregon Health and Science University
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10 - PTSD: A Disorder of Recovery?
pp 207-223
- By Arieh Y. Shalev, Professor of Psychiatry Hebrew University and Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel; Chair Department of Psychiatry and Director, Center for Traumatic Stress, Hadassah University Hospital
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11 - The Developmental Impact of Childhood Trauma
pp 224-241
- By Bessel A. Van Der Kolk, Professor Department of Psychiatry, Boston University; Medical Director HRI Trauma Center, Boston, MA
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12 - Adaptation, Ecosocial Safety Signals, and the Trajectory of PTSD
pp 242-258
- By Derrick Silove, Professor Department of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales; Director Psychiatry Research and Teaching Unit, Sydney Southwest Area Health Service and Centre for Population Mental Health Research, Sydney, Australia
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13 - Religion and Spirituality After Trauma
pp 259-274
- By James K. Boehnlein, Professor Department of Psychiatry; Assistant Dean Oregon Health and Science University; Associate Director for Education Department of Veterans Affairs Northwest Network, Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC); President Society for the Study of Psychiatry and Culture
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14 - Posttraumatic Suffering as a Source of Transformation: A Clinical Perspective
pp 275-294
- By Cécile Rousseau, Associate Professor Department of Psychiatry, McGill University; Director Immigrant and Refugee Child Mental Health Research Unit, Montréal Children's Hospital, Québec, Toby Measham, Assistant Professor Department of Psychiatry, McGill University; Transcultural Psychiatry Team, Montréal Children's Hospital, Québec
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SECTION III - CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES ON TRAUMA
pp 295-299
- By Laurence J. Kirmayer, James McGill Professor and Director Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Robert Lemelson, Lecturer Departments of Anthropology and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; President Foundation for Psychocultural Research, Mark Barad, Associate Professor Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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15 - Trauma, Adaptation, and Resilience: A Cross-Cultural and Evolutionary Perspective
pp 300-338
- By Melvin Konner, Samuel Candler Dobbs Professor Department of Anthropology and Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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16 - Bruno and the Holy Fool: Myth, Mimesis, and the Transmission of Traumatic Memories
pp 339-362
- By Allan Young, Professor Departments of Social Studies of Medicine, Anthropology, and Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec
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17 - Failures of Imagination: The Refugee's Predicament
pp 363-381
- By Laurence J. Kirmayer, James McGill Professor and Director Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University; Director Culture and Mental Health Research Unit, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec
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18 - Trauma, Culture, and Myth: Narratives of the Ethiopian Jewish Exodus
pp 382-402
- By Gadi Benezer, Senior Lecturer Department of Behavioral Sciences, College of Management, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Understanding Trauma

Integrating Biological, Clinical, and Cultural Perspectives

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