Marine Biodiversity: Patterns and Processes

Crispin Tickell

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511752360

The biodiversity of many ecosystems is under threat and although seas cover the majority of our planet's surface, far less is known about the biodiversity of marine environments than that of terrestrial systems. It is also not clear whether many of the patterns known to occur on land also occur in the sea. Until we have a firmer idea of the diversity of a wide range of marine habitats and what controls it, we have little hope of conserving biodiversity, or determining the impact of human activities such as mariculture, fishing, dumping of waste and pollution. This book brings together key studies from the deep sea and open ocean, to tropical shores and polar regions to consider how comparable the patterns and processes underlying diversity are in these different ecosystems. Marine Biodiversity will be a major resource for all those interested in biodiversity and its conservation.

‘Marine Biodiversity will be a major resource for all those interested in biodiversity and its conservation.’

Source: Journal of the Marine Biological Association

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Contents

Frontmatter
pp i-vi
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Contents
pp vii-viii
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List of contributors
pp ix-xii
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Foreword: The value of diversity
pp xiii-xxii
- By Sir Crispin Tickell
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1 - Marine biodiversity in its global context
pp 1-17
- By Mark. Williamson, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO1 5DD, UK
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2 - Gradients in marine biodiversity
pp 18-34
- By John S. Gray, Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Pb 1064, 0316 Blindern, Norway
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3 - Pelagic biodiversity
pp 35-68
- By Martin V. Angel, Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, Wormley, Godalming, Surrey, GU8 5UB (now at Southampton Oceanography Centre, Empress Dock, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK)
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4 - Biological diversity in oceanic macrozooplankton: More than counting species
pp 69-93
- By Annelies C. Pierrot-Bults, Institute for Systematics and Population Biology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5 - Large-scale patterns of species diversity in the deep-sea benthos
pp 94-121
- By Michael A. Rex, Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA, Ron J. Etter, Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA, Carol T. Stuart, Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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6 - Diversity, latitude and time: Patterns in the shallow sea
pp 122-147
- By Andrew. Clarke, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK, J. Alistair. Crame, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
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7 - High benthic species diversity in deep-sea sediments: The importance of hydrodynamics
pp 148-177
- By John D. Gage, Scottish Association for Marine Science (formerly Scottish Marine Biological Association), Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, P.O. Box 3, Oban, Argyll, PA34 4AD, UK
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8 - Diversity and structure of tropical Indo-Pacific benthic communities: Relation to regimes of nutrient input
pp 178-200
- By John D. Taylor, Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
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9 - Why are coral reef communities so diverse?
pp 201-215
- By Alan J. Kohn, Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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10 - The biodiversity of coral reef fishes
pp 216-257
- By Rupert F.G. Ormond, Tropical Marine Research Unit, Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO1 5DD, UK, Callum M. Roberts, Department of Environmental Economics and Environmental Management, University of York, York, YO1 5DD, UK
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11 - The historical component of marine taxonomic diversity gradients
pp 258-273
- By J. Alistair. Crame, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK, Andrew. Clarke, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
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12 - Population genetics and demography of marine species
pp 274-292
- By Joseph E. Neigel, Department of Biology, The University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504, USA
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13 - Discovering unrecognised diversity among marine molluscs
pp 293-318
- By J. Grahame, Department of Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK, S.L. Hull, Science Section, University College Scarborough, Filey Road, Scarborough, YO11 3AZ, UK, P.J. Mill, Department of Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK, R. Hemingway, Department of Biology, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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14 - Ecosystem function at low biodiversity – the Baltic example
pp 319-336
- By Ragnar. Elmgren, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, Cathy. Hill, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, S-106 48 Stockholm, Sweden
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15 - Land–seascape diversity of the USA East Coast coastal zone with particular reference to estuaries
pp 337-371
- By G.C. Ray, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA, B.P. Hoyden, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA, M.G. McCormick-Ray, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA, T.M. Smith, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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16 - The development of mariculture and its implications for biodiversity
pp 372-393
- By M.C.M. Beveridge, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK, L.G. Ross, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK, J.A. Stewart, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
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17 - Protecting marine biodiversity and integrated coastal zone management
pp 394-414
- By J.S.H. Pullen, WWF UK (World Wide Fund For Nature), Panda House, Weyside Park, Catteshall Lane, Godalming, Surrey, GU7 1XR, UK
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18 - Conserving biodiversity in North-East Atlantic marine ecosystems
pp 415-428
- By Keith. Hiscock, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Monkstone House, Peterborough, PE1 1JY, UK
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Author index
pp 429-436
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Species index
pp 437-442
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Subject index
pp 443-449
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Marine Biodiversity

Patterns and Processes

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Contents

Frontmatter
pp i-vi

Contents
pp vii-viii

List of contributors
pp ix-xii

Foreword: The value of diversity
pp xiii-xxii

1 - Marine biodiversity in its global context
pp 1-17

2 - Gradients in marine biodiversity
pp 18-34

3 - Pelagic biodiversity
pp 35-68

4 - Biological diversity in oceanic macrozooplankton: More than counting species
pp 69-93

5 - Large-scale patterns of species diversity in the deep-sea benthos
pp 94-121

6 - Diversity, latitude and time: Patterns in the shallow sea
pp 122-147

7 - High benthic species diversity in deep-sea sediments: The importance of hydrodynamics
pp 148-177

8 - Diversity and structure of tropical Indo-Pacific benthic communities: Relation to regimes of nutrient input
pp 178-200

9 - Why are coral reef communities so diverse?
pp 201-215

10 - The biodiversity of coral reef fishes
pp 216-257

11 - The historical component of marine taxonomic diversity gradients
pp 258-273

12 - Population genetics and demography of marine species
pp 274-292

13 - Discovering unrecognised diversity among marine molluscs
pp 293-318

14 - Ecosystem function at low biodiversity – the Baltic example
pp 319-336

15 - Land–seascape diversity of the USA East Coast coastal zone with particular reference to estuaries
pp 337-371

16 - The development of mariculture and its implications for biodiversity
pp 372-393

17 - Protecting marine biodiversity and integrated coastal zone management
pp 394-414

18 - Conserving biodiversity in North-East Atlantic marine ecosystems
pp 415-428

Author index
pp 429-436

Species index
pp 437-442

Subject index
pp 443-449

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Marine Biodiversity

Patterns and Processes

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