Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-s22k5 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-11T17:04:52.079Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

37 - Women and Psychotherapy

“Women Hold Up Half the Sky”

from Section 6 - Health and Well-Being

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 July 2020

By
Changming Duan  and
Maria del Pilar Grazioso
Edited by
Fanny M. Cheung  and
Diane F. Halpern
Fanny M. Cheung
Affiliation:
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Diane F. Halpern
Affiliation:
Claremont McKenna College, California
Get access

Summary

This chapter highlights the relevance of women’s experience and the leadership that women play in psychotherapy. We briefly review contributions of women in transforming psychotherapy from a field dominated by male views to one being inclusive toward liberation, and empowerment and emancipation of women and culturally diverse clients in the West. We also present evidence of women’s leadership in psychological healing practice and professional development of psychotherapy around the world, using China and Guatemala as examples. As clients, scholars, or practitioners, women’s voices and experience have challenged traditionally gender-biased practice of psychotherapy. The feminization of the psychotherapy workforce demonstrates the degree to which women have stepped up and shouldered the responsibility for mental health care in the United States and worldwide.Framed in an international and contextual perspective, we recommend best practices for clients of all genders and cultures, especially women, to be growth-oriented, relationship-focused, and strength-based.

Keywords

Womenpsychotherapyculturesocial justicehealing practiceempowermentbest practiceChinaGuatemala
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of the International Psychology of Women , pp. 526 - 540
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Suggested Readings

Changming Duan is a cisgender Chinese woman born and raised in China until after college when she migrated to the United States. She received her master’s degree from Canada and her PhD in Counseling and Social Psychology from University of Maryland in the United States. She is currently a Professor of Counseling Psychology in the University of Kansas. Her research interests include addressing multicultural and social justice issues in counseling practice and training, understanding culturally specific counseling process and outcome, and using strength-based counseling to promote psychological healing and growth. She is also interested in international collaboration in research and training.

María del Pilar Grazioso was born in Ecuador and raised in Guatemala where she attended college. She studied for her master’s degree in the United States and her PhD in both the USA and Argentina. She carries a multicultural identity, with Italian ethnic background from her paternal side and Spanish, French, Belize, Cuban, and Guatemalan origins from her maternal side. She is recently retired from the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (UVG) where she developed graduate programs in Counseling Psychology, Mental Health, and Community Psychology. Currently she co-coordinates Proyecto Aiglé, Guatemala, is affiliated to Fundación Aiglé Argentina, and is a research affiliate both at UVG and at Mayan Health Alliance Wuqukawoc. She received the APA Division 52 Outstanding International Psychologist Award and the Award Ricardo Bressani, and was recognized by the Colegio de Psicólogos de Guatemala. She has served in several leadership positions in the Interamerican Society of Psychology, and as associate editor of the Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of gender and sexuality studies. Her interests focus on counseling and community mental health, multicultural training, psychotherapy, supervision, gender and prevention, and child and adolescent assessment. She is family oriented and enjoys baking, jogging, music, reading, and nature.

Achterberg, J. (2013). Woman as healer. Boulder, CO: Shambhala.Google Scholar
Brown, L. (2018). Feminist therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Enns, C. Z. (2004). Feminist theories and feminist psychotherapies. New York: Haworth Press.Google Scholar
Freeman, D., & Freeman, J. (2013). The stressed sex: Uncovering the truth about men, women, and mental health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kaqla – Grupo de Mujeres Mayas. (2014). Las voces de las mujeres persisten en la memoria colectiva de sus pueblos. Guatemala City: Grupo de Mujeres Mayas Kaqla.Google Scholar
Kristof, N. D., & Wudunn, S. (2009). Half the sky. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Jurado, A. M. (2014). La lucidez de la locura: Relatos clínicos. [Sanity in madness: Clinical stories]. Guatemala City: F&G Editores.Google Scholar
Miller, J. B. (1976). Toward a new psychology of women. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Philipson, I. J. (1993). On the shoulders of women: The feminization of psychotherapy. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar

References

Achterberg, J. (2013). Woman as healer. Boulder, CO: Shambhala.Google Scholar
American Psychological Association. (2011). Men: A growing minority? www.apa.org/gradpsych/2011/01/cover-menGoogle Scholar
American Psychological Association. (2018). Women outnumber men in psychology graduate programs. www.apa.org/monitor/2018/12/datapointGoogle Scholar
Anzaldua, G. (1987). Borderlands: La frontera. San Francisco, CA: Aunt Lute.Google Scholar
Armstrong, P., & Jansen, I. (2015). The mental health of health care workers: A woman’s issue? In Khanlou, N. & Pilkington, F. (Eds.), Women’s mental health: Resistance and resilience in community and society (pp. 19–32). New York: Springer.Google Scholar
Arredondo, P. (2002). Mujeres latinas – santas y marquesas. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8, 308–319.Google Scholar
Arredondo, P., & Tovar-Blank, Z. (2014). Multicultural competencies: A dynamic paradigm for the 21st century. In Leong, F. T. L., Comas-Díaz, L., Nagayama Hall, G. C., McLoyd, V. C., & Trimble, J. E. (Eds.), APA handbook of multicultural psychology (pp. 19–34). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/14187-002Google Scholar
Bearman, S., Korobov, N., & Thome, A. (2009). The fabric of internalized sexism. Journal of Integrated Social Sciences, 1(1), 10–47.Google Scholar
Broverman, I. K., Broverman, D. M., Clarkson, F. E., Rosenkrantz, P. S., & Vogel, S. R. (1970). Sex-role stereotypes and clinical judgments of mental health. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 34(1), 1–7. doi:10.1037/h0028797Google Scholar
Brown, L. (2012). Feminist therapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Brown, L. (2018). Feminist Therapy (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Budge, S. L., & Moradi, B. (2018). Attending to gender in psychotherapy: Understanding and incorporating systems of power. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74, 2014–2027. doi:10.1002/jclp.22686Google Scholar
Carcamo Duarte, A. G., & Escobar Martínez, A. C. (2015). La psicología en Guatemala, un poco  de historia y actualidad [Psychology in Guatemala, some of its history and present]. Informacion Psicologica, 109, 72–85.Google Scholar
Carr, J. (2009). Asian acupuncture: Japanese acupuncture & Oriental medicine. http://arizonaasianacupuncture.com/Google Scholar
Cheung, F. M. (1995). Facts and myths about somatization among the Chinese. In Lin, T. Y., Tseng, W. S., & Yeh, E. K. (Eds.), Chinese societies and mental health (pp. 156–166). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cheung, F. M. (2000). Deconstructing counseling in a cultural context. Counseling Psychologist, 28, 123–132. doi:10.1177/0011000000281008.Google Scholar
Cheung, F. M. (2004). Use of Western- and indigenously-developed personality tests in Asia. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 53, 173–191. doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2004.00167.xGoogle Scholar
Cheung, F. M. (2009). The cultural perspective of personality assessment. In Butcher, J. N. (Ed.), Oxford handbook of personality assessment (pp. 44–56). Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Christopher, J. C., Wendt, D. C., Marecek, J., & Goodman, D. M. (2014). Critical cultural awareness: Contributions to a globalizing psychology. American Psychologist, 69, 645–655. doi:10.1037/a0036851Google Scholar
Collins, K. A. (2002). An examination of feminist psychotherapy in North America during the 1980s. Guidance & Counseling, 17(4), 105–112.Google Scholar
Comstock, D. (Ed.). (2005). Diversity and development: Critical contexts that shape our lives and relationships. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole-Thomson.Google Scholar
Conoley, C., & Scheel, M. (2018). Goal focused positive psychotherapy. Oxford: Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
Consoli, A. J., Grazioso, M. P., Fernandez Oromendia, M., & Cobar, A. A. (2017). La supervisión hoy: Lo que sabemos y lo que nos falta saber. [Supervision today: What we know and what we need to know]. Revista Psicologos, 7(20a), 6–19.Google Scholar
Consoli, A. J., Tzaquitzal, M. de los Á. H., & González, A. (2013). Mayan cosmovision and integrative counseling: A case study from Guatemala. In Poyrazli, S. & Thompson, C. E. (Eds.), International case studies in mental health (pp. 141–153). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Duan, C. (2018). Culture and mental health counseling: A reflective view based on observations in China. Athens Journal of Social Sciences, 6, 71–87.Google Scholar
Duan, C., & Brown, C. (2015). Becoming a multiculturally competent counselor. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Duan, C., Brown, C., Blue, E., Jones, L., Love, K., Kizer, B., & Tedder King, A. (2017). Perspectives of women faculty in counseling psychology on work and family. In Alegre, O. M. (Ed.), Research on university teaching and faculty development: International perspectives (pp. 183–198). Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Duffey, T., & Somody, C. (2011). The role of relational-cultural theory in mental health counseling. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 33(3), 223–242.Google Scholar
Donnelly, L. (2014). Women far more likely than men to seek counselling for anxiety. The Telegraph, January 15, 2014. www.telegraph.co.uk/news/10574941/Women-far-more-likely-than-men-to-seek-counselling-for-anxiety.htmlcounselingGoogle Scholar
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. (2018). Social panorama for Latin America. file:///C:/Users/one/Downloads/Chapter%20ChD%20MPG/CEPAL%20Social%20Panorama%20Latin%20America%202018.pdfGoogle Scholar
Enns, C. Z. (2004). Feminist theories and feminist psychotherapies. New York: Haworth PressGoogle Scholar
Fan, F. (2005). Group counseling. Beijing: Higher Education Press.Google Scholar
Fan, F. (2015). Application and cases of structured group counseling. Beijing: Higher Education Press.Google Scholar
Fernández-Álvarez, H. (2017). Psicoterapia en un mundo emergente. El paisaje de América Latina [Psychotherapy in an emerging world. The landscape of Latin America]. Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 26(3), 255–260.Google Scholar
First Nations Health Council. (2010). First Nations traditional models of wellness (traditional medicines and practices) environmental scan in British Columbia. www.fnha.ca/wellnessContent/Documents/Traditional_Models_of_Wellness_Report_2010.pdfGoogle Scholar
Fisher, S., & Greenberg, R. P. (1977). The scientific credibility of Freud’s theories and therapy. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218Google Scholar
Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychological Science, 13, 172–175. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00431Google Scholar
Freeman, D., & Freeman, J. (2013). The stressed sex: Uncovering the truth about men, women, and mental health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1959). Collected papers (Vol. 3). New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Freud, S. (1977). On sexuality. Harmondsworth : Penguin.Google Scholar
Gilbert, A. O. (1975). La psicoterapia en Guatemala [Psychotherapy in Guatemala]. Revista Interamericana de Psicologia, 9, 169–172.Google Scholar
Gilbert, L. A., & Scher, M. (2009). Gender and sex in counseling and psychotherapy. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock.Google Scholar
Glaze, L. E., & James, D. J. (2006). Mental health problems of prison and jail inmates. Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report. US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs Washington, DC. http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/mhppji.pdfGoogle Scholar
Glick, P., Fiske, S. T., Mladinic, A., Saiz, J. L., Abrams, D., Masser, B., … López, W. L. (2000). Beyond prejudice as simple antipathy: Hostile and benevolent sexism across cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 763–775.Google Scholar
Grazioso, M. P., Keller, J., Swazo, R., & Consoli, A. J. (2013). Counseling in Guatemala. In Hohenshil, T. H., Amundson, N. E., & Niles, S. G. (Eds.), Counseling around the world: An international handbook (pp. 389–397). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.Google Scholar
Greenspan, M. (1993). A new approach to women and therapy. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Guo, L. (2002). Counselor's gender education in the context of gender issues in marriage counseling. Guidance Quarterly, 38 (1), 46–53. 郭麗安（2002）。從婚姻諮商中的性別議題論諮商師的性別教育。 輔導季刊, 38(1)，46–53.Google Scholar
Hare-Mustin, R. T. (1983). An appraisal of the relationship between women and psychotherapy: 80 years after the case of Dora. American Psychologist, 38, 593–601. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.38.5.593 /10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.763Google Scholar
Hayes, S. C. (2005). Get out of your mind & into your life: The new acceptance and commitment therapy. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.Google Scholar
Hou, Z., Leung, S. A., Li, X. & Xu, H. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale – China form: Construction and initial validation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80, 686–691.Google Scholar
Huang, S. (2016). Post-modern perspective of career happiness: An integrated model of career theory and career counseling for the changing world and steady core. Journal of Educational Practice and Research, 29(2), 137–172.Google Scholar
Hurtado, A. (2007). Las Mujeres Mayas de Kaqla: La renegociación de la identidad maya en Guatemala. [Kaqla Maya Women: Renegotiating Maya identity in Guatemala]. Revista Voces 2(2), 203–226.Google Scholar
Insel, T. R. (2008). Assessing the economic costs of serious mental illness. American Journal of Psychiatry. 165, 663–665. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08030366Google Scholar
Ivey, A., D’Andrea, M., Ivey, M. B., & Simek-Morgan, L. (2007). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy: A multicultural perspective (6th ed.). London: Pearson Health.Google Scholar
Jean Baker Miller Training Institute. (2019). Relational-cultural theory. www.wcwonline.org/JBMTI-Site/relational-cultural-theoryGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, R., Baingana, F., Ahmad, R., McDaid, D., & Atun, R. (2011). Social, economic, human rights and political challenges to global mental health. Mental Health in Family Medicine, 8(2), 87–96.Google Scholar
Jones, E. (1955). The life and work of Sigmund Freud (Vol. 2). New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Jordan, J. V. (2000). The role of mutual empathy in relational-cultural therapy. JCLP/In Session: Psychotherapy in Practice, 50, 1005–1016.Google Scholar
Kao, S. (2005). Play therapy with Asian children. In Gil, E. & Drewes, A. (Eds.), Cultural issues in play therapy (pp. 180–194). New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Kaplan, A. G. (1979). Clarifying the concept of androgyny: Implications for therapy. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 3, 223–230.Google Scholar
katharine@plainjanewellness.com. (2017). Foucault, and stuff. A blog from plainjanewellness.com/2017/06/05/foucault-and-stuff-this-is-a-piece-i-wrote-for-a-newsletter-on-social-justice-informed-practice/Google Scholar
Kemp, J., & Bossarte, R. (2012). Suicide data report. US Department of Veteran Affairs Mental Health Services Suicide Prevention Program. www.va.gov/opa/docs/Suicide-Data-Report-2012-final.pdfGoogle Scholar
King, M. L. Jr. (1967) Where do we go from here? A speech delivered at the 11th Annual SCLC Convention, Atlanta, Georgia. www-personal.umich.edu/~gmarkus/MLK_WhereDoWeGo.pdfGoogle Scholar
Klein, M. H. (1976). Feminist concepts of therapy outcome. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 13, 89–95. doi:10.1037/h0086493Google Scholar
Kristof, N. D., & Wudunn, S. (2009). Half the sky. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.Google Scholar
Lai, N.  (2011). Development of psychodrama in Taiwan [Motion picture]. Taiwan. 賴念華（2011）。「台灣心理劇發展史」DVD 影像帶。台北：作者。Google Scholar
Lehmann, C. (2001). Women psychiatrists still battle Freud’s view of sexes. Psychiatric News, 36, 9. psychnews.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/pn.36.14.0009Google Scholar
Lin, M. (2000). Behavior counseling: Evaluation and reflection of training outcome. Counseling Quarterly, 36(3), 24–31. (林美珠 (2000)。「行為諮詢」課程訓練效果之評估與省思。輔導季刊, 36(3), 24–31).Google Scholar
Lin, X., Jiang, G., & Duan, C. (2017). An examination of Chinese therapists’ Being Directive and its therapeutic effect. A paper presented in C. Duan (Chair) Symposium: Reconstructuring and localizing: Psychotherapy practice in China. The 8th Conference of World Congress of Psychotherapy, Paris, France.Google Scholar
Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Liu, S., Wang, C., Deng, C., Keh, F. B., Lu, Y., & Tsai, Y. (2014). action research using a Chinese career model based on the wisdom of Classic of Changes and its applications. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 8, 83–94. doi:10.1017/prp.2014.11Google Scholar
Lykes, M. B. (2017). Community-based and participatory action research: Community psychology collaborations within and across borders. In Bond, M. A., Serrano-García, I., Keys, C. B., & Shinn, M. (Eds.),  APA handbook of community psychology: Methods for community research and action for diverse groups and issues (pp. 43–58). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/14954-003Google Scholar
Maguire, M., (2004) Men, women, passion and power: Gender issues in psychotherapy. New York: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Maslin, A., & Davis, J. L. (1975). Sex-role stereotyping as a factor in mental health standards among counselors-in-training. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 22, 87–91. doi:10.1037/h0076312Google Scholar
Miller, J. B. (1976). Toward a new psychology of women. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Miller, J. B. (1986). What do we mean by relationships? Work in Progress no. 22. Wellesley, MA: Stone Center Working Paper Series.Google Scholar
Morgan-Consoli, M. L., Yakushko, O., & Norsworthy, K. (2018) Women healers: Global and local women’s knowledge in psychology – an introduction. Women & Therapy, 41(1–2), 8–17, doi:10.1080/02703149.2017.1330920Google Scholar
Morrow, S. L., & Smith, M. L. (1995). Constructions of survival and coping by women who have survived childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(1), 24–33. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.42.1.24Google Scholar
Murphy, R., Mitchell, K., & McDaid, S. (2017). Homelessness and mental health: Voices of experience. Mental Health Reform. www.mentalhealthreform.ie/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Homelessness-and-mental-health-report.pdfGoogle Scholar
Norcross, J. C., & Lambert, M. J. (2018). Psychotherapy relationships that work III. Psychotherapy, 55, 303–315. doi:10.1037/pst0000193Google Scholar
O’Neil, J. M. (2014). Foreward. In American Counseling Association (Ed.), A counselor’s guide to working with men. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.Google Scholar
Panamerican Health Organization. (2017). Health in the Americas. Summary: Regional outlook and country profile. www.paho.org/salud-en-las-americas-2017/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Print-Version-English.pdfGoogle Scholar
Penfold, S., & Walker, G. (1983). Women and the psychiatric paradox. Montreal: Eden Press.Google Scholar
Philipson, I. J. (1993). On the shoulders of women: The feminization of psychotherapy. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Pitts, C., & Kawahara, D. M. (2017) Radical visionaries – feminist psychotherapists: 1970–1975, Women & Therapy, 40(3–4), 256–259, doi:10.1080/02703149.2017.1241558Google Scholar
Pratt, C. (2007). The encyclopedia of shamanism. New York: Rosen.Google Scholar
Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice. (2015). Report of the 2005 Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice, American Psychological Association. www.apa.org/practice/resources/evidence/evidence-based-report.pdfGoogle Scholar
Qian, M. (1991). Abnormal Psychology (in Chinese 变态心理学). Beijing: Peking University Press.Google Scholar
Qian, M., Smith, C. W., Chen, Z., & Xia, G.,2002. Psychotherapy in China: A review of its history and contemporary directions. International Journal of Mental Health, 30(4), 49–68. doi:10.1080/00207411.2001.11449532Google Scholar
Recinos, L. A. (2018). Reflexiones acerca de la historia de la psicología en Guatemala. [Reflections about the history of psychology in Guatemala]. Revista Psicólogos, 8(23), 6–14.Google Scholar
Relief Web. (2017). 2017 Guatemala humanitarian needs overview at a glance. reliefweb.int/report/guatemala/2017-guatemala-humanitarian-needs-overview-glance-nov-2017Google Scholar
Richardson, W. (2017). Feminist therapy pioneer: E. Kitch Childs. Journal of Woman and Therapy, 40, 301–307. doi:10.1080/02703149.2017.1241562Google Scholar
Sang, Z. (1999). College student mental health education. Jangsu: Jiangsu People's Press. 桑志芹 (1999). 大学生心理健康教程, 江苏省人民出版社.Google Scholar
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5–14. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9088-8_18Google Scholar
Shastri, A. (2014). Gender inequality and women discrimination. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 199(11), 27–30. www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/papers/Vol19-issue11/Version-7/E0191172730.pdfGoogle Scholar
Simple Psychology [简单心理]. (2018). 2018 Survey of counseling professionals (2018 心理咨询行业人群洞察报告). file:///C:/Users/Changming%20Duan/AppData/Local/Packages/Microsoft.Office.Desktop_8wekyb3d8bbwe/AC/INetCache/Content.Outlook/DHAC7EID/2018.pdfGoogle Scholar
Solomon, I., & Penzer, E. (1984). Women’s role in psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 39, 566-567. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.39.5.566Google Scholar
Spencer, S. J., Steele, C. M., & Quinn, D. M. (1999). Stereotype threat and women’s math performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 4–28. doi:10.1006/jesp.1998.1373Google Scholar
Sun, C. T. L. (2011). Counselling in the Chinese context and lessons in indigenisation – Keynote address at the 2nd Asia Pacific Rim International Counselling Conference, 7–9 July, 2011. Asian Pacific Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy, 3, 1–6. doi:10.1080/21507686.2011.616901Google Scholar
Sun, C. T. L. (2018). Taoism and healing. In Moodley, R., Lo, T., Zhu, N., & Ishii, M. (Eds.), Asian healing traditions: Implications for health and mental health (pp. 3–13). New York: Sage.Google Scholar
Tatlow, D. K. (2010). Freudians put China on couch. www.nytimes.com/2010/10/29/world/asia/29iht-letter.html?_r=0Google Scholar
Távara, G., Lykes, B. M., & Crosby, A. (2018). Standing in between: The healing praxis of Mayan women intermediaries in post-genocide Guatemala. Women & Therapy, 41(1–2), 30–51. doi:10.1080/02703149.2017.1323477Google Scholar
Thomason, T. C., & Qiong, X. (2008). Counseling psychology in China: Past and present. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 30, 213–219. doi:10.1007/s10447-008-9056-yGoogle Scholar
Thompson, B. W. (1994). A hunger so wide and so deep. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Tien, H. S. & Wang, Y. (2017). Career adaptability, employability, and career resilience of Asian people. In Maree, K. (ed.), Psychology of career adaptability, employability and resilience. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66954-0_18Google Scholar
UN Women. (2018). Americas and the Caribbean. Guatemala. http://lac.unwomen.org/en/donde-estamos/guatemalaGoogle Scholar
Vera, E. M., & Speight, S. (2003). Multicultural competence, social justice, and counseling psychology: Expanding our roles. Counseling Psychologist, 31, 253–272. doi:10.1177/0011000003031003001Google Scholar
Vides-Porras, A. (2019). Therapeutic relationships, social support, and the therapeutic unit in healing practices of the Maya of Guatemala. Dissertation, University of Wyoming. https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/2126658842.html?FMT=AIGoogle Scholar
Wampold, B. E., & Imel, Z. E. (2015). The great psychotherapy debate: The evidence for what makes psychotherapy work (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wang, H. (2004). Entering the sunny zone: Guides for college student mental health education. Wuhan: China Central Normal University Press. 汪海燕 （2004. 走进阳光地带：大学生·心理健康导航。 华中师范大学出版社。Google Scholar
Wang, J., Wang, X., & Tang, S. (2011). Evaluation of psychotherapy outcome: A perspective from cognitive behavioral therapy development. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 25(12), 933–936.Google Scholar
Wang, L., & Heppner, P. (2012) Cross-cultural collaboration: Developing cross-cultural competencies and Yuan-Fen. In Gerstein, L., Heppner, P., Ægisdóttir, S., Leung, S. A., & Norsworthy, K. L. (Eds.), Essentials of cross-cultural counseling (pp. 207–226). New York: Sage. doi:10.4135/9781452275505Google Scholar
Wang, L., Li, Pei., Zhao, R., & Ke, J. (2018). The foundation of guidance in Taiwan: School guidance in 60 years. In Xiao, W. & Tian, X. (Eds.), Sixty years of guidance in Taiwan (pp. 3–98). Xinbei: Psychology Press. 王麗斐、李佩珊、趙容嬋、柯今尉 （2018）。臺灣輔導的基石：學校輔導工作的60年回顧與展望。蕭文、田秀蘭主編，臺灣輔導一甲子 (pp. 3–98）。新北市：心理出版社。）Google Scholar
Wang, L., Tu, S., & Chao, H. (2008). An exploratory investigation of effective counseling strategies for counseling psychologists working in elementary schools. Bulletin of Educational Psychology, 39(3), 413–434.Google Scholar
Wang, W., Tian, X., & Liao, F. (2012). Principles of children guidance. Xinbei: Psychology Press. 王文秀, 田秀兰, 廖凤池 (2012). 儿童辅导原理.  新北市：心理出版股份有限公司.Google Scholar
Watters, E (2010). Grazy like us: The globalization of the American psyche. New York: Free PressGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization. (2014). Mental health: A state of well-being. www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/Google Scholar
Wu, H., Fang, Z., Cheng, P., & He, Y. (2013). Fundamentals of traditional Chinese medicine. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific Publishing.Google Scholar
Xu, W. (2003). The application of Brief Solution Focused Therapy. Taipei: Tianma Press. 许维素（2003）。焦点解决短期心理治疗的应用。台北：天马.Google Scholar
Yakushko, O. (2018) Witches, charlatans, and old wives: Critical perspectives on history of women’s indigenous knowledge. Women & Therapy, 41(1–2), 18–29. doi:10.1080/02703149.2017.1323474Google Scholar
Zhang, Y. (2013). Use traditional Chinese medicine to manage emotional health: How herbs, natural foods, and acupressure can regulate and harmonize your mind and body. Shanghai: Shanghai PressGoogle Scholar
Zhang, Y., Jia, X., & Duan, C. (2018). Clinical supervision in China: Needs and challenges. Asian Journal of Counseling, 1(1), 59–61.Google Scholar
Zhao, J., & Jia, X. (2018). Following cultural traditions in mother’s month-long postnatal care. Unpublished manuscript. Beijing Institute of Technology.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×