This chapter begins with a discussion of the “replication crisis,” where studies are sometimes published without resources so that other researchers can replicate studies. Studies that have been retracted due to p-hacking, HARKing, or plainly falsifying data are presented. The importance of publishing data and detailing methods is discussed to improve readers’ confidence in studies and science. Students are guided through the major sections of a study proposal (introduction / literature review, planned methods, planned analysis, and discussion) and what steps are needed for each section. The American Psychological Association (APA) style is reviewed for formatting the proposal including the title page, paragraphs, citations, references, running headers, section headers, and statistical notation. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) is discussed along with common ethical considerations that are needed for a research study.