Palestinian Doctors tells the story of the country’s community of Arab doctors from its inception in the late nineteenth century until the catastrophe of 1948. The book’s introduction situates its contribution to several fields of research. First, the book contributes to the history and sociology of the professions, offering a reconceptualization of the professions in colonial and settler colonial contexts. Second, in the context of histories of the medical profession in the Middle East, this is a unique case study that does not involve a local university or a state building project, but rather individual and localized networks alongside regional educational mobility and regional networks. Third, it builds on and contributes to existing scholarship on Palestine’s urban Arab elites, burgeoning middle classes, and histories of the professions, weaving medical professionals into this tapestry. Finally, it introduces Arab doctors to the history of medicine in Palestine, which concentrates predominantly on Jewish and missionary medical professionals.