Positive human–wildlife coexistence, especially in contexts of rewilding and the reintroduction of large carnivores, partially depends on communication between stakeholders. The media, and in particular local journalism, can play a crucial role in determining people’s knowledge of and attitudes towards wildlife. In this article, we analyse the online coverage of bears produced by the most widely circulated local newspaper in Trentino (Italy), where bears have been reintroduced thanks to a rewilding project funded by the European Union. Employing quantitative and qualitative content analysis of 375 articles, we look into the main features of the media coverage of bears over one year (2024). We find that articles tend to focus on controversial and uncommon events, such as culls and interactions. The most prevalent sources of quotations in the articles are politicians and activists, while experts, local residents, and individuals in the farming sector are less often quoted. The majority of articles are framed through the lens of the socio-political struggle generated by bear presence. Micro-dynamics of the online media coverage include high polarisation, fragmentation of narratives, and the marginalisation of relevant stakeholders (i.e., local communities, experts, European institutions).

Aviation employees operate in a dynamic, complex safety-critical system that is filled with uncertainty, requiring quick and correct expert decision-making. The purpose of this study is to investigate the decision-making indicators among aviation employees. Fifty-five technical engineers and air traffic controllers participated in this study by completing the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) at one of Iran’s airports. The CGT provides one of the most reliable and widely used decision-making assessment tasks and related indicators, including decision-making quality, risk-taking, delay aversion, deliberation time, risk adjustment and overall bet ratio. Higher risk adjustment, less deliberation time, and a lower delay aversion index resulted in better decision-making quality. Higher risk-taking does not necessarily mean lower self-control. No significant differences were observed between the studied groups, including between air traffic controllers (both Ground and Tower vs. RADAR and Approach) and between air traffic controllers and technical engineers in the CGT performance. The decision-making quality increased with age and work experience, which has important implications for training and selection processes.

Sixty uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) accident reports were analysed to identify causal and contributory factors leading to loss of control in flight – the most prominent category of UAV accident (36%). Design and manufacturing errors were dominant causal factors (22 events, 34%) and contributory factors (18 events, 22%). Recovery was not attempted in the majority of events (35 events, 55%). The relationship between operator age, total hours of experience, experience on type and recovery attempts were analysed. The number of accidents decreased as total hours of experience increased as well as attempted recovery. Using this data, existing accident analysis frameworks HFACS, AcciMap and Accident Route Matrix were applied to a sample of accidents and suitability compared. An adapted version of the Accident Route Matrix – Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle is proposed to assist current and future operators to understand causal and contributory factors to mitigate future loss of control in flight accidents and improve the likelihood of recovery. Using the results of the statistical analysis and the data gathered, a new definition for LOC-I for UAVs was defined by considering the different operating environment of UAVs.

The Aerospace Integration Research Centre (AIRC) at Cranfield University offers industry and academia an open environment to explore the opportunities for efficient integration of aircraft systems. As a part of the centre, Cranfield University, Rolls-Royce, and DCA Design International jointly have developed the Future Systems Simulator (FSS) for the purpose of research and development in areas such as human factors in aviation, single-pilot operations, future cockpit design, aircraft electrification, and alternative control approaches. Utilising the state-of-the-art modularity principles in simulation technology, the FSS is built to simulate a diverse range of current and novel aircraft, enabling researchers and industry partners to conduct experiments rapidly and efficiently. Central to the requirement, a unique, user-experience-centred development and design process is implemented for the development of the FSS. This paper presents the development process of such a flight simulator with an innovative flight deck. Furthermore, the paper demonstrates the FSS’s capabilities through case studies. The cutting-edge versatility and flexibility of the FSS are demonstrated through the diverse example research case studies. In the final section, the authors provide guidance for the development of an engineering flight simulator based on lessons learned in this project.

Occupational back-support exoskeletons, categorized as active or passive, hold promise for mitigating work-related musculoskeletal disorders. However, their impact on combined physical and cognitive aspects of industrial work performance remains inadequately understood, especially regarding potential differences between exoskeleton categories. A randomized, counterbalanced cross-over study was conducted, comparing the active CrayX, passive Paexo Back, and a no exoskeleton condition. A 15-min dual task was used to simulate both cognitive and physical aspects of industrial work performance. Cognitive workload parameters included reaction time, accuracy, and subjective measures. Physical workload included movement duration, segmented in three phases: (1) walking to and grabbing the box, (2) picking up, carrying, and putting down the box, and (3) returning to the starting point. Comfort of both devices was also surveyed. The Paexo significantly increased movement duration in the first segment compared to NoExo (Paexo = 1.55 ± 0.19 s; NoExo = 1.32 ± 0.17 s; p < .01). Moreover, both the Paexo and CrayX increased movement duration for the third segment compared to NoExo (CrayX = 1.70 ± 0.27 s; Paexo = 1.74 ± 0.27 s, NoExo = 1.54 ± 0.23 s; p < .01). No significant impact on cognitive outcomes was observed. Movement Time 2 was not significantly affected by both exoskeletons. Results of the first movement segment suggest the Paexo may hinder trunk bending, favoring the active device for dynamic movements. Both devices may have contributed to a higher workload as the movement duration in the third segment increased compared to NoExo.

The main purpose of crew resource management (CRM) is to ensure safe flights by preventing possible errors with the effective use of non-technical skills. The aim of the current study is to examine the effects of CRM on flight safety culture (FSC) with the help of the structural equation model with 451 airline pilots. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that there was a significant correlation between CRM and FSC and that CRM has a significant positive effect on FSC. It has been demonstrated that if CRM awareness and skills are used effectively, the perception of FSC will also improve. Furthermore, these findings indicate that there is a need to progress to the corporate CRM phase, i.e., CRM 7.0, to ensure that organisation-wide FSC awareness is established through CRM awareness.

The relevant growth of human-machine interaction (HMI) systems in recent years is leading to the necessity of being constantly aware of the cognitive workload level of an operator, especially in a safety-critical context such as aviation. Since the confusion in the definition of this concept, this paper clarifies this terminology and also highlights its relationship with stress. Thus, we analysed the state-of-the-art of cognitive workload evaluations, showing three up-to-date methodologies: subjective, behavioural and physiological. In particular, the physiological approach is increasingly gaining attention in the literature due to today’s exponential growth of biomedical sensors. Therefore, a review of the most adopted physiological signals in the workload evaluation is provided, focusing on the aeronautical field. We conclude by highlighting the necessity of a multimodal approach for mental workload assessment as a result of this analysis.

Professor Marc de Leval (16 April 1941 –26 June 2022) was a pioneer in the field of congenital cardiothoracic surgery and former chair of the British Congenital Cardiac Association [https://www.bcca-uk.org/]. Professor de Leval was appointed as a Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon at Great Ormond Street Hospital in 1974. Throughout his distinguished career at Great Ormond Street Hospital, he worked with dedication to improve outcomes for cardiothoracic surgery. His contribution to academic cardiothoracic surgery was significant and far-reaching with over 300 peer-reviewed publications. Of particular note was his work in improving the palliation of children with cyanotic congenital heart disease by the use of the modified Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt and his pioneering work over many years to improve understanding of the Fontan circulation using in vitro modelling and computational fluid dynamics that led to the development of the total cavopulmonary connection. His other significant contributions include the importance of analysing surgical failures, being the co-editor of the most readable textbook in our field, and so much more. During his career, he trained many eminent surgeons from around the world, and a Marc de Leval Fellowship of The American Association for Thoracic Surgery [https://www.aats.org/about-the-foundation/the-reach-of-our-programs/foundation-honoring-our-mentors-program/marc-r-de-leval-md] now allows the opportunity for a trainee to study congenital cardiac surgery in the UK or Europe. Marc is fondly remembered by the staff at Great Ormond Street Hospital. The nurses recall his arrival at the break of day on the intensive care unit, having already been for a swim, and the diligence with which he observed his patients following surgery. Former trainees remember a man who, despite his standing, always remained courteous, approachable, and kind. Professor de Leval will be remembered not only as a skilled and dedicated surgeon but also as a distinguished scholar, one with a quest for knowledge in the pursuit of excellence.

This manuscript is a personal tribute to Professor Marc de Leval from two of his colleagues: Professor Martin J. Elliott and Professor John E. Deanfield. As stated by the authors: “Marc’s career history is presented in the accompanying eulogy from the current Heart & Lung Team at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), allowing us to highlight Marc’s personal qualities that made him such an inspirational colleague. … Marc was, as we have said, the cardiologist’s surgeon. He was also the surgeon’s cardiologist, bridging the two disciplines and fusing the team. He was delighted by the advent of interventional cardiology and did not see it as a threat or competition, but instead, as appropriate for the well-being of his patients. He recognised how traumatic surgery could be for patients and their families and sought to avoid it whenever possible by alternative treatments. Marc will be remembered with love and admiration by his many patients and their families, whose lives he changed. His technical skill, energy, devotion, humour, intellect and influence will be sorely missed. May he rest in peace.”

Investigating the underlying predictors of speeding behaviour deserves the full attention of research. This study aims to examine the effects of demographic variables on the perceived deterrent mechanisms and to predict speeding behaviour to target appropriate prevention programmes. In this study, 212 randomly selected drivers having a valid car driving licence participated in an online survey. The results revealed that demographic variables influenced drivers’ perceptions towards social and legal sanctions as well as material loss. The model revealed that two sanction-related constructs, that is, legal sanction (b = −0⋅227, P = 0⋅007) and material loss (b = −0⋅218, P = 0⋅005), as well as lax perception towards traffic accident (b = −0⋅176, P = 0⋅025), were the significant predictors of speeding behaviour. These findings suggested that prevention programmes should prioritise young and single drivers. The most effective targeted prevention programmes are highlighted accordingly based on the study results.