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1 results

  • 1 - ‘Old Creoles’

  • Shantel A. George, University of Glasgow
  • Book:
    The Yoruba Are on a Rock
    Published online:
    18 September 2025
    Print publication:
    09 October 2025, pp 33-73
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  • Summary

    Chapter 1 establishes the local context of the introduction of liberated Africans to Grenada and outlines the emergence of a plantation society built on unfree African labour. By emancipation in 1838, the formerly enslaved Africans had become a peasantry closely associated with Roman Catholicism and had developed Creole French, the Nation Dance, obeah, and saraka from their multiple African heritages and experiences in the Americas. They had survived and resisted enslavement through practising those cultures and by withdrawing fully or partially from plantation work, cultivating provision grounds, acquiring land, and forming villages; some of them migrated to Trinidad. These strategies and cultural practices were drawn upon by liberated Africans to refashion their own lives and cultures.