Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 September 2025
This chapter introduces the distinction between entrenched images or Image Macros (IMs) and Non-Entrenched Images (NEIs), and focuses most of its discussion on examples involving IMs that feature the characteristic ‘Top Text’ (TT) and ‘Bottom Text’ (BT), such as the One Does Not Simply and Good Girl Gina memes (ODNS and GGG). It shows how these IM memes allow Meme Makers to categorize experiences very quickly, efficiently and (if successful) humorously, adding further examples to such categories as ‘futile undertakings that are impossible to achieve’ (ODNS) or ‘virtuous behaviour of highly considerate women’ (GGG), thanks in large part to the frames evoked visually. It also discusses aspects of the construction grammar approach to language, as applicable to these meme constructions, including specific constructional properties of GGG memes and the constructional networks they fit into.
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