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6 results

  • 7 - Cognitive Linguistics and Context

  • from Part II - Philosophical, Semantic, and Grammatical Approaches to Context
  • Edited by Jesús Romero-Trillo, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Language in Context
    Published online:
    30 November 2023
    Print publication:
    14 December 2023, pp 160-180

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews recent developments that reflect a convergence of work in various branches of linguistics and psycholinguistics around the implications of the incremental sequencing of speech units for understanding grammar and the cognitive processing that underlies the production, comprehension, and interpretation of utterances. Notions from Functional Discourse Grammar are used to present a view of syntactic structure as arising from the incremental extension of holophrases, i.e. minimal utterances. By prioritizing the timecourse of language processing, the chapter interprets syntactic hierarchy as arising from chunk-and-pass operations supported by predictive processing. Spoken dialogue is identified as the primary arena for these processes, with grammaticality subordinated to situational appropriateness. Linguistic data are seen as protocols of joint action aimed at the incremental co-creation of meaning. All of these notions make essential reference to context as constantly active, prior to and during the utterance of the linguistic signal, and as a crucial component of the operations and processes that take place in verbal interaction.

  • 6 - Role of Context

  • from Part II - Key Issues in Intercultural Pragmatics Research
  • Edited by Istvan Kecskes, State University of New York, Albany
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Intercultural Pragmatics
    Published online:
    29 September 2022
    Print publication:
    20 October 2022, pp 139-163

  • Summary

    The concept of context has undergone some fundamental rethinking in the scientific community. Rather than being considered an external constraint on linguistic performance, context is analyzed as a product of language use and thus as an interactional achievement, which is negotiated and co-constructed, imported and invoked. Context and contexts are analyzed from the perspectives of interlocutors, considering contextualization, recontextualization and decontextualization, and entextualization. The complexity, multilayeredness and dynamics of context have far-reaching implications on its role in intercultural pragmatics with interlocutors from different linguistic backgrounds having diverging meaning-making processes, diverging contextualization conventions, and thus diverging constructions of context. Intercultural pragmatics thus calls for context-sensitive particularizations of the fundamental premises of cooperation, contextualization, meaning-making process, and negotiation of discourse common ground.

  • 26 - The Pragmatics of Translation

  • from Part II - Topics and Settings in Sociopragmatics
  • Edited by Michael Haugh, Dániel Z. Kádár, Marina Terkourafi
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Sociopragmatics
    Published online:
    01 April 2021
    Print publication:
    22 April 2021, pp 544-566

  • Summary

    This article highlights translation as re-contextualization and emphasizes the role of context in translation. The importance of context for both translation and pragmatics is evidence of the close relation between translation and pragmatics. Initially, different classic views of context are briefly discussed. Secondly, linguistic approaches to translation are reviewed, and key concepts are defined. The author’s own theory of translation as re-contextualization is then discussed. Two fundamental, empirically derived translation types as qualitatively different ways of re-contextualization are proposed:overt and covert translation. The concept of a ‘cultural filter’ employed in covert translation is described, and examples are given. In conclusion, the current dominant role of English as a lingua franca and its influence on translation are discussed.

  • 31 - Mediatized Communication and Linguistic Reflexivity in Contemporary Public and Political Life

  • from Part VI - Discourses, Publics and Mediatization
  • Edited by Anna De Fina, Georgetown University, Washington DC, Alexandra Georgakopoulou, King's College London
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Discourse Studies
    Published online:
    28 September 2020
    Print publication:
    15 October 2020, pp 687-707

  • Summary

    This chapter provides an overview of the concept of “mediatization” and its different applications. It distinguishes “institutional,” “social constructionist” and “linguistic-anthropological” understandings of the concept. After defining and discussing each understanding, the chapter draws attention to how the linguistic-anthropological approach may be employed in discourse-analytical research. Specifically, the approach is argued to be highly amenable with a focus on metapragmatics. Much like a focus on metapragmatics reflects language users’ awareness of language use, mediatization may reflect their understanding of the nature of the communication they are engaged in. After providing several examples, the chapter discusses how discourse-analytic methods may further complement the development of mediatization frameworks. Looking ahead, these developments will need to take into account a surge in multimodal content, the increasingly global reach of communications, and ever-shifting social media potentials.

  • Class-inclusion and correspondence models as discourse types: A framework for approaching metaphorical discourse

  • LIONEL WEE
  • Journal:
    Language in Society / Volume 34 / Issue 2 / April 2005
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    26 April 2005, pp. 219-238
    Print publication:
    April 2005

  • Psycholinguistic attempts to model metaphor processing can be broadly classified as correspondence or class-inclusion in orientation. This article develops a framework for approaching metaphorical discourse by reconstructing these processing models as discourse types that are associated with particular activity types. In doing so, it treats these discourse types as particular strategies of recontextualization, where, depending on the discourse type being used, the metaphor source – and consequently, the status of the discourse itself as metaphorical – is either foregrounded or not. The second part of the article applies the framework to texts embedded in two different activity types: popular science texts which aim to explain technical concepts, and management texts which aim to provide management tips. The former, it is shown, uses the correspondence discourse type, while the latter uses the class-inclusion type.I would like to thank Desmond Allison, Jane Hill, Benny Lee, K. P. Mohanan, Rajendra Singh, Christopher Stroud, and two anonymous referees for valuable comments and suggestions. Special thanks to Lim Cherng Wren for inspiring this article. Needless to say, I alone am responsible for any errors that remain.

  • Habitus as the principle for social practice: A proposal for critical discourse analysis

  • JANN SCHEUER
  • Journal:
    Language in Society / Volume 32 / Issue 2 / April 2003
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 February 2003, pp. 143-175
    Print publication:
    April 2003

  • Critical discourse analysts are often criticized for interpreting linguistic data in political contexts, placing the data in an artificial environment motivated by political agendas rather than scientific inquiry, and thereby disregarding findings that would follow from a data-internal and more empirically grounded analysis. This article argues that critical discourse analysis may gain proficiency for social analysis by adopting concepts suitable for cultural and historical analysis of socialization, as found in Bourdieu. Application is demonstrated in a study of a job interview, with close linguistic analysis; close attention is given to the applicant by drawing on evaluations after the interview and on a retrospective interview with the applicant. It is proposed that a method combining linguistic and socio-historical analysis may offer advantages to critical discourse analysis, including a more systematic approach to text-external contexts and qualified, balanced perception of the social agent as a creative yet socially determined individual.