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3 results

  • Chapter 9 - Pain therapeutics

  • Edited by James E. Barrett, Joseph T. Coyle, Michael Williams
  • Book:
    Translational Neuroscience
    Published online:
    05 July 2012
    Print publication:
    28 June 2012, pp 168-177

  • Summary

    The identification of drugs to treat major psychiatric disorders launched the fields of biological psychiatry, behavioral pharmacology, and neuropsychopharmacology. It had a profound impact not only on individuals suffering from these disorders and on the care and hospitalization of patients but also on the emergence of entirely new disciplines. The astute observations in the clinical setting that led to the first generation of psychoactive drugs created the putative framework for the potential discovery of new generations of psychotropic agents. The key challenge in the search for a new generation of improved psychoactive drugs has focused on: enhanced validation of the animal models used to characterize new chemical entities (NCEs) as bona fide models of the human disease and the use of these models to effectively translate NCEs to the human disease state. The learning curve for CNS research focuses on the unique complexity of the brain.

  • 3 - Neuropsychopharmacology: the interface between genes and psychiatric nosology

  • from Part II - Clinical background and research design
  • Edited by Bernard Lerer, Hadassah-Hebrew Medical Center, Jerusalem
  • Book:
    Pharmacogenetics of Psychotropic Drugs
    Published online:
    20 August 2009
    Print publication:
    29 August 2002, pp 36-56

  • Summary

    Neuropsychopharmacology has the unique capability of linking the effect of a psychotropic drug on mental illness with the effect of the substance on brain structures involved in the action mechanism of the drug. To provide orientation points about what nosology could offer genetic research, the history of psychiatric nosology is reviewed and the varying constructs that can be used are illustrated. The use of nosologic homotypes derived by the employment of a specially devised nosologic matrix is recommended for obtaining interpretable findings. The data collected by using the nosologic matrix also serves as the starting point for the development of an empirically derived, pharmacologically meaningful classification of mental illness. Genetic heterogeneity, coupled with heterogeneity in pharmacological responsiveness, has also precluded meaningful research with the employment of 'forward genetics' in schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness.